ABSTRACT Background. Hydrocephalus is a prevalent condition in children, affecting both developed and developing countries. Neurosurgical interventions such as ventriculoperitoneal shunts are common, but are associated with a high risk of complications, including infections, which can lead to additional issues and costs. This study aims to review the incidence of infection in pediatric patients before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, in order to address this issue. Methods. A standard process of analyzing scientific questions using the Population, Intervention, Control, and Outcome (PICO) method was used to develop a protocol for searching research articles in online databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, POPLINE, and Sciencedirect. The articles selected for inclusion in this study met the following criteria: 1) described interventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in pediatrics, 2) focused on cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications with a focus on infection, 3) were published within the last 10 years, and 4) were published in English-language journals with peer review standards. Results. Sixteen articles were identified for review. Seven of these articles mentioned surgical or mechanical interventions as a means of preventing infections, while six articles discussed medical treatment for infection prevention. Three articles described the microorganisms found in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion. Future studies should focus on the issues related to ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications and interventions related to immunological, neuroendocrine, and biophysical factors to prevent infections, as well as surgical management and medication administration. Keywords: infection, pediatrics, ventriculoperitoneal, shunt, cerebrospinal fluid

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ABSTRACT Background. This case report highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment for intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma, which is a rare condition that can present with common symptoms of various spinal cord pathologies. The report recommends decompression laminectomy as the appropriate intervention for this condition. This report adds to the existing clinical literature on intramedullary spinal cord hemangioma and can assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases. Case report. The patient is a 30-year-old female who complained of left leg heaviness, cramps, numbness, and urinary incontinence. MRI revealed a suspected intradural intramedullary lesion, as high as VTh5, suspected to be ependymoma or astrocytoma. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomy on thoracalis vertebra 5-7 and spinal cord mass with hemorrhage and calcification components was observed on post-operative Spinal CT Angiography. The mass was found to have a feeder artery from spinal branches of the left right a. intercostalis at T5 level and spinal branches of the left a. intercostalis at T6 level. Thoracolumbar spondylosis was also observed. Conclusion. The clinical impact of vertebral hemangioma lies in its potential to cause neurological deficits due to spinal cord or nerve root compression. Early diagnosis and treatment through imaging modalities such as MRI and surgical intervention, such as laminectomy, can alleviate symptoms and prevent disability or mortality. However, careful consideration of the patient’s clinical history, imaging findings, and neurological status is necessary for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Keywords: hemangioma, spinal cord capillary, intramedullary, laminectomy decompression, case reportcognitive deficits

Aims. To estimate the prevelance of Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adult patients with diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) during COVID-19 pandemic. Method. Random sample of 115 Adult Libyan patients (≥18 years) were drawn from 1200 Medical records of diabetic patients previously diagnosed in a primary care clinic (Gharyan polyclinic,South of Tripoli,West of Libya). Patients were recruited and diagnostically interviewed through outpatient visits and through Phone calls. Anxiety was assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item instrument (GAD-7), personal information, Co morbidities and History of COVID-19 infection within period of 3 weeks. Result. The statistical analysis done by SPSS version 23, using ANOVA test. The GAD-7 scores ranged from 0 to 19 for the diabetic patient, 82 patients scores ranged from 0 to 4 with varying degrees of non-signifacant to subsyndromal symptopms of Generalized anxiety disorder, 24 patient with Mild GAD, 7 patients with moderate GAD and 2 patients with severe GAD. (P value = 0.000) Conclusion. GAD is present in 28% of the patients who participated in the study. Additional epidemiological studies are needed to determine the prevalence of anxiety in the broader population of persons with diabetes

Abstract : The Thymus vulgaris extracts are effective as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal. E. coli is a major pathogen involved in nosocomial infections and one of multi-drug resistance organisms. UTI is the most common extraintestinal E. coli infections and is caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). This study aimed to prove the Thymus vulgaris ethanol extract effect in increasing IL-10 and decreasing TNF-α and bacterial colonies in the urinary bladder. All Thymus vulgaris parts, which bought from Gharian-Libya, were dried, then macerated 3 times, and its ethanol was evaporated. Final extraction results were stored in the freezer. This study use 20 female mice divided into 5 groups; (1) positive control (infected with E. coli); (2) negative control (without infection); and treatment groups T1, T2, T3 (infected mice administrated with ethanol extract of Thymus vulgaris (ETV) 250, 500, 750 mg/kg B.wt). The bacterial colonies in urinary bladder were analyzed; the blood levels of TNF-α, IL-10 were analyzed by ELISA method. There was no visible E. coli colonies infection in urinary bladder in all treated groups. ETV increased the IL-10 and decrease TNF-α level in blood. Keywords: Thymus vulgaris, TNF-α, IL-10, Escherichia coli, in vivo..