The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a global pandemic in March 2020, also the COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic changes across the globe, affecting all areas of life. However, the pandemic cannot be ended overnight and more social distancing and other self-care measures are needed to protect our Libyan community. Therefore, people´s awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and appropriate behaviors are instrumental to containing the pandemic. This study aims to create a questionnaire to determine the Libyan society's environmental awareness of COVID-19

Shale gas and shale oil have rapidly revolutionized the energy supply and security landscape in various parts of the world. As Libya has a notable deposit of shale gas, this study sought to gain insight into the public perception of potential health and environmental impacts of a hydraulic fracturing and its associated controversies. It also sought to determine whether there is a need for public awareness of the science and economics associated with hydraulic fracturing. In this study, 304 local residents in Zawia city in the north west of Libya were surveyed on their views on the exploration of shale gas. The purpose of the survey is to understand the factors that influence local residents‖ support or opposition to the use of shale gas, such as energy independence, environmental consciousness, and risk/benefit perceptions. The results show that the respondents are generally supportive of shale gas extraction, the study show that 52% of the respondents express support or strong support for shale gas exploitation. Both this and future studies have the potential to improve public discourse and decision-making around the development of unconventional gas and oil industries.

Shale gas is a form of natural gas found trapped within shale formations. Shale gas is vastly distributed around the world. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploiting shale gas for energy production. As a source of energy, many countries started to investigate their shale gas potential. To understand the public’s views on the extraction of shale gas and its long and short-term health and environmental consequences, this study was undertaken to recognize Ghadames region residents’ awareness of the environmental and health effects resulting from the extraction of shale gas in their areas. Ghadames region is located in northwest Libya, where a potential deposit of shale gas is spotted; therefore, it was perfect as a study area. A population survey from a random sample (N=251) drawn from local residents; it was designed to detect the public opinion of the most likely adverse direct and indirect health and environmental outcomes as a result of fracking; the possible benefits were also included as well. The results show that the majority of respondents support shale gas extraction in their hometown, no matter how the consequences will affect their health and environment, about 70% of the respondents show support for shale gas exploitation

The present study was carried out to evaluate the fluoride content of bottled water brands available in the market of Tripoli city and to measure if it is consistent with local standards. A total of 23 commercially available brands were collected and examined for fluoride content. 22 samples were locally produced and one was imported. The average fluoride levels of each sample was determined using the procedure outline in the Palintest photometer method and then compared with the fluoride content printed on the bottle labels. In all bottled water brands investigated, 19 brands of the analyzed samples did not state the fluoride levels on the labels of the bottles. The determined fluoride concentrations ranged from 0 to 2.75 ppm. For each brand, the fluoride level was not similar to the labeled fluoride. 82.6% (19 brands) had a fluoride content lower than the Libyan standards, 1 brands had a fluoride content higher than the Libyan standards, and 7 brands had zero fluoride content. All the samples examined had fluoride content outside the range regulated by Libyan standards. There was a significant variation between the F levels stated by the manufacturer on the bottle labels and the values measured during the investigation

The bacterial strain (Bacillus subtilis) was isolated from soil sample using different composed culture for alkaline protease production in Submerged Fermentationby. The eight different submereged media were prepared to study of enzyme activity. Then the effect of pH, carbon sources nitrogen sources, Nacl concentration and metal ions on protease production were studied. The results indicated to: MD8 produced highest amount of alkaline protease (62.5 U /ml), The extracted crude enzyme was precipitated using varied precentages of ammonium sulphate was studied. The effect of pH,carbon,nitrogen sources sodium chloride concentration and metal ions was studied here and results tom maximum enzyme activity was as pH11 to MD4(17.97U/ml),glucose showed maximum yield in MD2(49.21U/ml) ammonium chloride affected maximum (132.81U/ml) to MD6 and the maximum activity was seen in case of MD5 with 11%NaCl(46.09U/ml) and lastly the metal ions effect was Mncl2(85.94U/ml))

Soil samples were used to isolate different protease producing bacteria. Casein hydrolysis media was used to screen proteolytic bacteria which produced clear hydrolyzed zone. Isolates showing positives result for all isolates. The media (MD8) indicated maximum protease production for Bacillus cohinii. Glucose showed maximum enzyme activity of 14.49 U/ml for BS1. In nitrogen source , ammonium chloride showed to be best with enzyme activity as 7.85 U/ml for BS1 in MD5 media. MD5 media supplemented with NaCl works best for alkaline protease production. But a concentration of 11% NaCl showed maximum activity with 10.87 U/ml for BS1. It was found that all the isolates showed maximum protease production at 45°C in MD5 media

Bacteria were isolated from soil samples using serial dilution method. Different isolates were then screened for their alkaline protease producing capability using skim milk hydrolysis test. The bacterial species were identified as Bacillus cohnii using 16S rRNA amplification and phylogenetic analysis. BLAST program and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity demonstrated that the query sequence was 99% similar to Bacillus cohnii (gb|JF689927.1) strain APT5.