Students apply the rules, especially the principles of writing, during the lecture, which are as follows: The word: its meaning and its divisions - Noun, verb and a letter signs. Types of nouns, types of verbs . Types of nouns, types of verbs .Al-Ta'a Al-Morbouta and Al-Ta'a Al-Maftoha'ah - The difference between close letters. Elementary Hamza (section at the beginning of the word, and linking) definition, drawing method, pronunciation, location, originality and addition, placements, the rule of distinction between the two ( types of Hamza). General applications on the vocabulary of the course through the texts of the Holy Qur’an, the Prophet’s Sunnah, and the eyes of poetry and prose, provided that their number is not less than ten texts, which the student is required to have, provided that exam questions do not deviate from them.

This course aims to develop the students' ability to deal with the English basics used in everyday life. It helps them communicate correctly and improve their English language four skills ( listening, speaking, reading and writing ) by using efficient and helpful exercises, conversations, examples and activities . It also provides them with the basic and simple grammar of English language ( like verbs, simple present, present continuous… ) and commonly used vocabulary and phrases.

This course covers the following main headings which are the uses of the computer، its types، the binary digital system، the physical components of the computer، types of software ،computer networks، the basics of the Internet، computer crimes and data security and protection.

The student studies the concept of creed in this course, where the meaning of religion and people's need for it are explained, the main characteristics of Islam, faith and deeds, increase and decrease of faith, the pillars of faith, belief in angels, belief in the divine books and their introduction, belief in the messengers, belief in the Hereafter, belief in divine decree and destiny.

Introduction to the course and its topics to familiarize with the nature of the course, where Arabic writing is studied, its concept, knowledge of the Arabic letter, the hamzat al-wasl and hamzat al-qat', the alif, and other aspects related to Arabic writing. It also covers functional writing in its types, the art of the speech, and its benefits.

This course introduces the basic concepts in descriptive statistics by introducing the methods of collecting data and arranging it, how to present them in frequency tables, and representing these tables with an appropriate graph, as well as introducing the students to the methods of data analysis using measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, measures of torsion and flattening, and comparing the characteristics of these different scales.

This course gives the student a quick introduction to: computers, their operating system, application programs, windows and their uses, Paint, notebooks, Internet browsers, and the use of application programs, Word, Excel, and Power Point in practice. Where the practical part is considered the largest part for acquiring practical skills, and these programs will help the student in completing his duties, his graduation project, and in his practical life after graduation.

This course contributes to strengthening Libyan identity and shaping the national cultural awareness of the student, clarifying Libya's status, location, and role in the past and present, its natural and geographical characteristics, its population over the ages, its social system, and its economic resources. The student studies the cultural and civilizational heritage and its role in modernizing society and highlighting Libya's image, the development of the Libyan household, as well as the systems of governance and their types, the history of resistance, and it instills a spirit of patriotism and pride in belonging to the homeland.

Students study in the classroom the aspect of worship and the study includes the following: - Worship concept and objectives. - Purity: its definition, divisions and rulings: pure objects and unclean objects - what is permissible to eat and wear and what is not permissible - water, its divisions and rulings. - Ablution: its definition, conditions, statutes, Sunnahs, mustahabbah, makrooh and contradictions. - Wiping over the socks. - Ghusl: its obligations, conditions, statutes, Sunnahs, mustahabbah, and types.- Things that prevent the smaller and larger event - Wiping on the cast. - Tayammum: its causes, conditions, pillars, Sunnahs, mustahabbat, and contradictions. - Prayer: its times, conditions, statutes, Sunnahs, and invalidations.

This course is designed to enhance students' ability to deal with concepts used in English, and to raise their level of knowledge in English in a real context. It also aims to equip students with language skills (reading and writing) that enable them to use the language correctly. The course also aims to improve students' English language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) through effective and useful exercises, conversations, examples, and activities. Additionally, it provides them with the basic and simple rules of English (such as verbs and tenses, simple present, continuous...) and commonly used vocabulary and phrases.

practicum training program; Provided by teacher preparation institutions; under its supervision over a limited period of time; With the aim of providing an opportunity for student teachers to apply what they have learned of theoretical subjects in practice while they are actually teaching in educational institutions; Which leads to achieving familiarity between them and the human and material elements in these institutions, and providing them with the educational competencies necessary for them.Description of the practical part:The student should be able to apply the practical aspect of his academic and educational specialization.Training the student teacher on teaching methods in a scientific way.Training the student teacher on the design and use of various educational aids.

Summarized course This course provides students with basic concepts of real functions in a single variable, and concepts of ends and continuity. It also addresses the rules of differentiation. This course aims to develop the student's ability to determine the types of real, compulsory and non-compulsory functions, to chart them, to determine the scope, extent and reverse functions of them, to determine the existence of the end, as well as to know the continuity of the functions and to determine whether they are derivable. The course also aims to enhance students' skills in drawing curves using preferential concepts and demonstrations, through scheduled training and the diversity of evaluation methods. The rapporteur focuses on understanding real functions in a single and derivative variable and its applications that help him to understand the behaviour of multiple functions in his future study.

This course aims to study the following topics: - Significant figures and calculations - units of measurement. - Definition and division of the substance. - The laws of fixed and multiplied ratios. - Atomic structure -periodic table. - Electronic distribution. - Change in properties on the periodic table. - Chemical symbols and formulas. - Balancing chemical equations. - Chemical calculations. - Chemical bonds. - Lewis symbols and structures. - Geometric shapes of molecules.

Introducing the student to the concepts of heat, thermal equilibrium, expansion, phase change and latent heat. Knowing the methods of heat transfer and linking them to reality. Studying the properties of ideal gas and the kinetic theory of gases. Developing the student's skills to understand the first law of thermodynamics and how heat is transferred between different bodies and materials. Study the properties of fluids at rest and motion.

This course aims to study the concept of waves and their mechanical types (transverse and longitudinal), the mathematical description of waves, simple harmonic motion, sound waves and their nature, waves propagating through a taut wire and calculating wave speed in air and physical media, the energy and power of waves propagating through a taut wire, the principle of wave superposition, standing waves, resonance in air columns, the equation of pressure change, sound wave intensity, intensity level, beats, and the Doppler effect. The course also provides students with sufficient information about the concept of light and its properties, electromagnetic radiation, the fundamentals of geometric optics, reflection in plane and spherical mirrors, the general law of mirrors, refraction of light, lenses, total internal reflection, optical fibers, dispersion and the colors of the spectrum, optical instruments, a comparison between the eye and a camera, the microscope, and the microscope.

Systems of Linear Equations and matrices, Determinants, Vectors in 2D and 3D, Applications to Physics: Angular momentum, moment of inertia, Torque, and the electromagnetic force, Vector spaces, Inner product spaces, Eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and diagonalization, and linear transformations, Applications to physics: Eigenvalue problem in classical mechanics and simple examples in quantum physics.

Enable the student to understand the magnetic fields and interpret both the magnetic field of a solenoid, magnetic flux, Gauss's law in magnetism, introducing the student to the electromotive force (emf) generated by induction and electric field, developing his skills to analyze alternating current circuits and clarify their practical applications, as well as developing the student's abilities to draw oscillations in the LC circuit, and the RLC circuit.

This course is concerned with the study of experiments related to sound, light and electricity, where practical experiments are conducted to measure the speed of sound in the air, the use of the sonometer, the experiments of reflection and refraction of light in different media, the study of the images formation in mirrors and lenses, the realization of Ohm's law practically and finding an unknown resistance value, analyzing the process of charging and discharging the capacitor through a resistance.

Knowledge of the zero law, the triple point of water, the concept of temperature, state equations and Van der Waals' equation. The concept of workpiece and its dependence on the path and the difference between the reversible and non-reversible path, the concept of anthropogenic and its relationship to heat, the identification of some circuits (motors) that convert the work into heat and vice versa.

Defining the geometric series, convergence and divergence test, double and triple integrals in perpendicular, polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, Fourier series, Fourier integrals and periodic functions, Legendre equations, Bissell equation, Hermite equations, Laguerre's equation, beta and gamma functions.

Teaching the student how to calibrate some measuring devices, how to determine the inductance and resistance in a coil using a voltmeter, the process of discharging a capacitor through a resistance and measuring a high resistance value, performing some induction and resonance experiments, performing an experiment to achieve Kirchhoff's law of voltage in AC circuits using an oscilloscope.

This course aims to introduce students to basic concepts in modern physics such as the wave behavior of particles, the particle behavior of electromagnetic waves, as well as the photoelectric phenomenon, the Compton effect, and the production of pairs. Also, enable students to study the atomic structure according to modern theories. Provide students with information on the theory of relativity. Introduce students to relativistic mechanics with an introduction to quantum theory.

Semiconductors, semiconductor doping, the p-n junction properties and applications, the diode, the bipolar transistor, signal amplification, the field effect transistor, Circuit symbols and components, Semiconductor devices, Amplifier operation, feedback. Lock-in operational amplifiers and applications, modulation and detection, integrated circuits. A brief introduction to digital electronics and analog to digital (A/D) conversion.

Studying Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates and directional influences (divergence, convolution and regression), and enabling the student to apply the Stokes theorem and divergence and provide him with information on the interaction of point charges and different contentiously charge distributions, studying the boson and Laplace effect and solving the Laplace equation using one variable, two variables and three variables and in several systems, developing students' skills to solve Maxwell's equations and using boundary conditions.

The course aims to introduce the student to the basics of electronics, introduce him to the basic elements of electronic circuits and their method of work. Study the characteristics of the diode and identify its types and uses, conduct some experiments on different calendar circuits using the diode, study the characteristics of the transistor, conduct some experiments on the uses of the duo and transistor in signal amplifiers.

Properties of the nucleus: Isotopes, nuclear binding energy, angular momentum, nuclear electromagnetic moments, nuclear forces. - Radioactivity: Decay law (τ, t1/2), natural radioactivity, successive decay, artificial radioactivity basic α – decay process, β –decays and γ -transitions. - Nuclear reactions: Q-value, threshold energy (Eth), Internal Conversion, Decay Schemes. - Interaction of radiation with matter: Interaction of heavy (α, p, d) and light (e¯, e+), charged particles with matter, stopping power, interaction of gamma radiation with matter (Photoelectric, Compton and pair production) -Binding energy and the liquid drop model.

The student studies the principles of optical theories, geometric optics, and physical optics, studying the wave equation in one and three dimensions, plane waves and spherical waves, providing the student with information about light as electromagnetic waves and introducing how it propagates, developing the student's abilities to study some wave phenomena such as interference, diffraction, and polarization and their applications in optical devices.

This course provides the student with practical experience with experiments in modern physics and optics, by studying and comprehensively understanding the physical principles through their experimental application, such as determining the wavelength of sodium light in different ways, realizing Cauchy's relation and Malus' law, determining the specific charge (e/m) of the electron, determining the Rydberg constant, as well as improving experimental skills in dealing with equipment, improving data analysis skills, and writing practical reports of results in a correct and scientific way.

This course studies the properties of solids, the different crystalline structures of crystalline and non-crystalline solids, types of bonds in crystals, lattice points, types of crystals, symmetry processes. The course also presents a study of crystal structure using X-rays, the thermal and electrical properties of conductive and insulating solids, and the theory of the free electron.

Introduce the student to the Geiger–Müller tube (its advantages and method of work), methods of detecting rays and how to deal with samples of radioactive elements used in the laboratory, also introducing him to the dispersion of beta particles, and the method of calibrating gamma ray spectrometry in addition to developing his abilities to conduct statistical analysis of radioactivity.

This course aims to enable the student to draw the direction of magnetic retardation practically and conduct the magnetic response experiment and the experiment of calculating the energy gap, as well as develop the student's abilities to use X-rays in conducting the experiment of determining the crystal structure of some materials, and how to conduct the Hall effect experiment.

Stars: magnitude – luminosity – introduction to spectra – stellar spectra – stellar parallax - stellar velocities‐ HR diagram – binary stars and stellar masses – star formation – series of stellar nuclear reactions and stellar ages‐ stellar evolution and structure Interstellar matter (ISM): distribution and structure‐ Physics of ISM – HI and HII regions – Interstellar clouds – Star formation – Chemical properties and evolution of Galaxies– Planetary nebulae.

Energy fundamentals, Fossil fuels, Renewable energy Part-I: Solar radiation and solar energy (thermal, photovoltaics and electrochemical), Renewable energy Part-II: Alternatives (hydropower, wind power, ocean thermal energy conversion, biomass, geothermal energy, tidal & wave energy), Energy conservation & storage, Energy and transportation, air pollution and environment.

This course introduces the basic principles of plasma generation and its properties and covers the general introduction to plasma physics (plasma density and temperature, Debye shielding, collision frequency, cyclotron frequency...), particle motion (in a magnetic field, in a magnetic and electric field), waves in cold plasmas, kinetic theory and equation of motion and plasma applications (industrial and medical plasma applications).

This course introduces the fundamentals and principles of semiconductor devices. The main objective is to familiarize students with the basic principles of operation of modern semiconductor devices, such as p-n junction diodes, light-emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers, photodetectors, JFET transistors, bipolar transistors, and others.

Absorption and emission of light, Einstein Relations, Population inversion, Gain coefficient, Optical cavity, Modes of laser cavity. Solid-state lasers, Semiconductor lasers, Gas Lasers, Dye lasers, Free electron laser and some new lasers. Laser beam properties: Laser Line width, Beam Divergence, Coherence, Brightness, Focusing properties of laser, Q-Switching, Frequency Doubling, Phase Conjugation. Laser Applications: Medical application, Industrial application, Military application, Scientific application, Holography and communications.

Introduction to nanophysics and nanotechnology – scaling laws and limits to smallness; quantum nature of nanoworld; nano fabrication (top-down and bottom-up process); nanoscopy (electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy). Properties and application of dielectric and metal nanostructures - individual nanoparticles and nanoclusters; nanostructured materials; carbon nanostructures; nano spin and nanomagnets. Properties and application of semiconductor nanostructures - fabrication of semiconductor nanowires and quantum dots; electronic and optical properties (2D and 3D quantum confinement); optical spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures (local probe techniques); quantum dots nanowire- and quantum-dot-based electronic and photonic devices.