Provide students with knowledge related to the natural structure of the human body at the level of anatomical regions and organs. Study natural growth and development related to anatomical topics. Relate anatomical facts to their clinical application.

Provide students with knowledge related to the natural structure of the human body at the level of anatomical regions and organs. Study natural growth and development related to anatomical topics. Relate anatomical facts to their clinical application.

• Understand basic knowledge related to cell and tissue structure and its relationship to biological functions. • Provide practical knowledge in terms of understanding tissue structure using basic light and electron microscopy techniques, etc. • Discuss the basic molecular aspects of some cellular components and tissues (membrane, cell structure, and matrix). • Distinguish between epithelium and connective tissue. • Understand the basic structure of genetic material. • Understand the basic structure of tissues, connective tissue, blood and blood composition, skin, bones and cartilage, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and circulatory tissue, the immune system and lymphatic organs. • Understand the basic tissue structure of the nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male and female reproductive systems, endocrine system, and sensory organs.

• Understand basic knowledge related to cell and tissue structure and its relationship to biological functions. • Provide practical knowledge in terms of understanding tissue structure using basic light and electron microscopy techniques, etc. • Discuss the basic molecular aspects of some cellular components and tissues (membrane, cell structure, and matrix). • Distinguish between epithelium and connective tissue. • Understand the basic structure of genetic material. • Understand the basic structure of tissues, connective tissue, blood and blood composition, skin, bones and cartilage, nervous tissue, muscle tissue and circulatory tissue, the immune system and lymphatic organs. Understand the basic tissue structure of the nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, male and female reproductive systems, endocrine system, and sensory organs.

• Acquiring knowledge of the normal function and organisation of the various body systems. • Understanding the mechanisms underlying the function of organ systems. • Identifying the functions of the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems, and recognising the mechanisms by which these functions are carried out. • Understanding the pathophysiology underlying some disorders of the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems. • Understand the interrelationships between different body systems. • Explain the integrated responses of body systems to physiological stresses. • Identify the functions of the cardiovascular and renal systems and explain the mechanisms by which these functions are carried out. • Understand and demonstrate the interrelationships between different body systems.

• Acquiring knowledge of the normal function and organisation of the various body systems. • Understanding the mechanisms underlying the function of organ systems. • Identifying the functions of the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems, and recognising the mechanisms by which these functions are carried out. • Understanding the pathophysiology underlying some disorders of the respiratory, circulatory and digestive systems. • Understand the interrelationships between different body systems. • Explain the integrated responses of body systems to physiological stresses. • Identify the functions of the cardiovascular and renal systems and explain the mechanisms by which these functions are carried out. • Understand and demonstrate the interrelationships between different body systems.

Ability to distinguish between different chemical bonds, functional groups, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. • Understanding the interaction of biomolecules with water. • Recognition of pH, physiological buffers, and blood pH imbalances (alkalosis and acidosis). • Know the structure and physical properties of the basic building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. • Be familiar with the terms nucleoside and nucleotide. • Understand the chemistry of lipids and their physiological importance. • Know how enzymes increase biochemical reactions and the role of coenzymes and cofactors. • Understand the components of the electron transport chain (ETC), location, components, energy yield, and oxidation-reduction yield of the ETC. • Understand the biological importance of digestion, absorption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purines, and pyrimidines, and explain the process of metabolism and regulation. • Discuss the regulation of gene expression and recombinant DNA. • Know the clinical application of enzymes in the diagnosis and detection of diseases, enzymes as reagents, enzymes as labelling reagents in ELISA, and enzymes as therapeutic agents. • Describe the metabolism of heme and related disorders.

Ability to distinguish between different chemical bonds, functional groups, and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. • Understanding the interaction of biomolecules with water. • Recognition of pH, physiological buffers, and blood pH imbalances (alkalosis and acidosis). • Know the structure and physical properties of the basic building blocks of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. • Be familiar with the terms nucleoside and nucleotide. • Understand the chemistry of lipids and their physiological importance. • Know how enzymes increase biochemical reactions and the role of coenzymes and cofactors. • Understand the components of the electron transport chain (ETC), location, components, energy yield, and oxidation-reduction yield of the ETC. • Understand the biological importance of digestion, absorption of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, purines, and pyrimidines, and explain the process of metabolism and regulation. • Discuss the regulation of gene expression and recombinant DNA. • Know the clinical application of enzymes in the diagnosis and detection of diseases, enzymes as reagents, enzymes as labelling reagents in ELISA, and enzymes as therapeutic agents. • Describe the metabolism of haem and related disorders.

• Definition of general terms and concepts in parasitology. • Classification of parasites. Protozoa, worms and medical insects. • Description of the geographical distribution of parasites. • Explanation of the different forms of protozoa, worms and medical insects. • Explanation of the life cycle and reproduction of parasites and how parasitic infections are transmitted to humans. • Explain the causes of disease, tissue changes, and clinical symptoms of parasitic diseases. • Explain how to diagnose and perform laboratory and other tests to diagnose parasitic diseases. • Explain the appropriate medications and treatments used to treat parasitic diseases. • Explain methods of preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. • Explain the environmental and human factors that affect the spread of parasitic diseases. • Environmental factors affecting the spread of parasitic diseases and the occurrence of epidemics.

• Provide basic knowledge of the principles of microbiology, infection control, and immunology specialties with a focus on microbial structure and function, aetiology, classification, host-pathogen relationships, and components (cells, tissues, antibodies, and immunoglobulins) involved in host defence against infectious agents. • Understand the basic concepts of clinical immunology and related disorders. • Acquire basic medical microbiology laboratory skills. • Interpret methods for detecting antibiotic resistance.

• Provide medical students with concepts of aetiology, pathogenesis, microscopic and macroscopic morphology, complications, and clinical pathology of human diseases through general and system-based approaches. • Focus on acquiring competence in medical knowledge, with particular emphasis on basic discipline and problem-solving competencies.

• Assist students in acquiring basic knowledge of frequently used drug groups, pharmacokinetics, mode of action, and pharmacological properties. • Ensure a thorough understanding of proper use by identifying side effects, including toxicity, contraindications, and drug-drug interactions. • Ensure that students have a clear understanding of the fundamentals of treatment applied to a wide range of disorders.

• Acquiring knowledge of basic sciences related to gynaecology and obstetrics. • Exposure to various problems and diseases affecting pregnant women. • Acquiring knowledge about serious gynaecological problems and diseases. • Developing basic knowledge of scientific research, communication and counselling skills. • Being able to participate in public health education.

• Understand and diagnose with reasonable accuracy and ability to determine the management of common eye problems prevalent in Libya. • Encourage university students to follow a systematic clinical approach by inquiring about clinical history, demonstrating symptoms and signs, and writing case reports. Common diseases of the anterior segment of the eye include trachoma, spring conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, iritis, epidemic viral conjunctivitis, etc. • To diagnose other anterior segment disorders that are properly and correctly treated for the eyelid; lacrimal sac and lens, glaucoma are well known and referred to the established ophthalmology department • To learn about the various causes of sudden, gradual, and painless vision loss in patients of different ages. Clinical entities that require advanced examination and specialised medical and/or surgical treatment. The undergraduate student is taught when such a patient needs to be referred to consultants. • To understand common causes of eye trauma, such as traffic accidents, trauma inside and outside the home, industrial accidents, and chemical burns, and to learn first aid and immediate treatment for such cases. • Teach students to use an ophthalmoscope to visually scan the media and learn the salient points • Features of the normal fundus and able to recognise common serious lesions in the back of the eye • Educate students and demonstrate to students whenever possible.

• Be aware of the physical, social, psychological, economic, and environmental determinants of health and disease. • Be able to take a leadership role with other healthcare members in educating, motivating, supervising, and leading them in promoting health and preventing and combating disease. • Acquire knowledge and skills related to statistical methods that can improve critical thinking, problem solving, decision making, and promote medical research. • Understand the concept of preventive medicine and the importance of community medicine in implementing community disease prevention programmes, cancer screening, and health promotion. • Enable students to acquire the lifelong learning competencies required for continuous professional development. • Apply an evidence-based scientific approach to the practice of family and community medicine. • Apply in-depth knowledge of the principles of family and community medicine. • Assess and apply knowledge related to health, psychological and environmental problems at the individual and community levels. • Apply knowledge of the pathological and clinical features of common diseases in family medicine. • Provide effective and safe assessment and treatment of patients at the primary health care level - use effective communication skills with patients. • Implement and evaluate strategies for maintaining and promoting health and preventing disease with patients and colleagues. • Apply the principles of lifelong education and continuous learning. • Assess and implement the ethical and professional responsibilities required of a family and community doctor. • Apply religious, legal and professional responsibilities. • Share acquired knowledge and skills with colleagues, health team members and the community.

• Building the competencies of medical students to manage medical-legal issues and situations that they will encounter after graduation during general medical practice. • Building the competencies of medical students to provide first aid care for poisoning cases that they will encounter after graduation during general medical practice.

• Acquiring a good basic knowledge of various subspecialties of radiology such as neuroradiology, gastrointestinal radiology, urological radiology, vascular radiology, musculoskeletal radiology, interventional radiology, emergency radiology, paediatric radiology, mammography, the fundamentals of radiotherapy, and the fundamentals of nuclear medicine. • Correctly perform and interpret all routine and basic imaging examinations, the fundamentals of radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine indications. • Provide radiological services in acute emergencies and trauma, including medico-legal aspects. • Understand the impact of radiological examination on patient safety (through understanding the basics of radiation protection measures). • Know basic information about the physics of diagnostic imaging devices, radiotherapy, and nuclear medicine. • Interact with other specialists so that maximum benefit is accumulated for the patient.

This course is devoted to enable students to develop clinical skills in a simulation setting, to get the confidence in performance of these skills which allow them to apply in real life.

• Support the acquisition of basic knowledge of normal and abnormal growth and development (physical, physiological, and psychosocial) and its clinical application from birth to adolescence. • Enable students to provide basic healthcare to individuals in the paediatric age group (newborns, infants, children, and adolescents). • Provide students with an appropriate background covering emergencies and common and important diseases in paediatrics. • Enable the development and application of appropriate professional attitudes, communication skills, and problem-solving skills.

• Acquiring knowledge of various diseases in all body systems, in relation to internal medicine, in light of the knowledge already acquired in anatomy, pathology, physiology, microbiology, and pharmacology. • Acquiring relevant knowledge and skills in: • Obtaining a comprehensive, problem-oriented history. • Performing a complete physical examination. • Demonstrating problem-solving skills and pathological physiological disorders of specific pathological entities. • Being able to suggest the appropriate line of investigation to arrive at a preliminary diagnosis after recruiting the relevant differential diagnosis. • Develop a management plan that includes the most appropriate medications, their indications, dosages, side effects, and toxic effects. • Recognise complications associated with the disease process. • Recognise various internal, external, familial, environmental, seasonal, endemic, or other factors and plan for prevention as well as eradication measures.

• Recognise common surgical conditions and surgical emergencies, their aetiology, epidemiology, presentations, assessment, management and complications. • Acquire the professional and ethical skills necessary to practise surgery. • Communicate effectively with patients, their families, colleagues and the rest of the surgical team. • Practise patient-centred care and involve patients in decisions about their treatment and care. • Practise a problem-solving approach and evidence-based medicine. • Maintain patient safety and well-being as their primary concern. • Understand the principles of preoperative preparation and postoperative care. • Perform basic surgical interventions and basic life support. • Recognise the impact of disease on patients, families and society, and the role of surgery in saving lives, curing disease and alleviating suffering. • Learn the importance of health promotion, disease prevention, and early detection and screening for disease.