Having gained a basic understanding of microeconomics through their study of Fundamentals of Economics (110), students can then delve into this subject, which examines in some detail price theory and resource allocation. The price mechanism plays a key role in guiding economic activity and regulating economic life, with a focus on the fundamental principles of price theory.

In this course, students study macroeconomic variables, beginning with the concepts of output, income, and national (aggregate) expenditure. They then explore various methods for calculating national income, extracting the key measures used in these calculations. The course further provides a detailed analysis of the components of the income model, specifically the fundamental elements of aggregate demand: consumption, investment, public (government) spending, and external expenditure. This analysis aims to formulate the main determinants of national output and the extent to which available economic resources are utilized within the national economy.

This course is a complement to the course on Analytical Microeconomics (210), where it studies in more detail the theory of prices under different markets and the distribution of output, with a focus on the main and fundamental problem, which is securing the highest possible level of satisfaction of present and future wants through the available resources and methods, culminating in the study of welfare economics through the identification of the different models and criteria that measure how to increase economic prosperity.

This course is a continuation of the first part of macroeconomics, as it examines money and its relationship to production. It then explores overall or general equilibrium. This course also aims to introduce students to price theory and other topics such as inflation, economic fluctuations in the level of economic activity (business cycles), and economic growth.

This course aims to introduce students to economic policies, their fundamental objectives, tools, types, and their effectiveness in achieving their intended goals. It also examines the process of formulating economic policy through an analysis of current and past economic conditions, and the bodies responsible for developing and monitoring its implementation. Finally, the course explores the objectives of economic policy, such as economic stability (including price stability and full utilization of material and human productive capacities), economic growth, and the role of economic policies.

This material aims to use the statistical method in estimating and selecting economic models, as well as estimating simple and multiple regression equations, testing hypotheses, in addition to finding the values ​​of equations and the properties of good estimation, along with identifying the problems of econometric analysis.

It is one of the methods of economic analysis. This subject uses mathematical theories to prove the validity of economic theories and to study equilibrium states in both microeconomics and macroeconomics. In addition, matrices are used in analyzing linear models, finding constrained and unconstrained minimum and maximum values, and other mathematical applications in economics.

This course introduces students to the importance of understanding the historical development of economic thought. It does so by tracing the evolution of economic theories and ideas from antiquity to the modern era. The course presents and evaluates economic thought among the Greeks and Romans, in the Middle Ages, and among thinkers in the Islamic world and Europe. It then examines the various schools of economics in their modern form, beginning with mercantilist schools, followed by natural, classical, and socialist schools, exploring their analytical methods and intellectual doctrines. The course also includes profiles of key figures within each school.

This course aims to introduce students to the origins and development of money and its role in the economy, presenting the various monetary systems known to human societies. Since central banks are responsible for providing a medium of exchange and managing monetary reserves in accordance with the interests of the national economy, this course examines the concept of central banks, their functions, and their relationship with commercial banks. It clarifies the role of commercial banks in economic life through their functions, and explains the difference between them and specialized banks. The course also covers the value of money and its impact on national income, along with a brief overview of the most important international monetary institutions.

In this course, the student learns about the historical development of trade relations between countries, the reasons for their establishment and development, and the shares of industrial and developing countries in them. Then, the student learns about the factors that determine international trade and its expansion, as well as about the theories of international trade since the establishment of mercantilism in the seventeenth century, passing through the theories of absolute cost and relative cost and modern theories of international trade and others. The student also learns about topics related to international trade such as the trade balance, the balance of payments, rates of trade exchange, export multipliers, import multipliers and the importance of each of them to the national economy. Then, exchange rates and their fluctuations, the elasticities of export supply and their effects on international trade are presented. Also, policies related to international trade and their tools (free trade or trade restriction) are studied, including the policy of dumping, in addition to giving an idea of ​​the international institutions related to international trade.

The student learns about the importance of finance and investment and their relationship to economic and social development. The course then explores the stages of capital flows between nations and their various economic effects. Students learn about the economic factors that determine investments and the demand for foreign loans, most notably interest rates, exchange rates, and inflation, and the impact of each on different economies. It also covers types of international monetary investments, including European money markets, certificates of deposit, syndicated loans, and international bonds. The course then examines institutions specializing in international finance, including their origins, functions, objectives, members' capital shares, and voting rights. It also covers the types of facilities each institution provides to its members, the problem of international liquidity, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), and how they are calculated and distributed. Furthermore, the course aims to introduce students to loan management, methods for reducing global debt, and the selection and implementation of self-reliance policies. Finally, students receive an introduction to international financial markets.

This course aims to introduce the student to the economic and social conditions of developing countries by identifying the causes and obstacles to the economic growth of these countries, as well as to understand the necessary conditions to begin the development process, and the means and policies to eliminate obstacles, in addition to achieving a continuous increase in the rates of economic, social and cultural progress. The course also provides a definition of the important role that governments play in the development process.

This material aims to introduce the science of public finance, its origins, development, and its relationship to other sciences, in addition to the development of the role of the state and its intervention in economic activity and the objectives of this intervention. It also studies both public revenues and public expenditures, where the types of public revenues and related topics are studied, while public expenditures are addressed with attention to the concept of public expenditure, the reasons for its growth, and its types. In addition, the public debt is addressed with its concepts and economic burdens, then the general budget, its basic rules, and its functions.

This material aims to review the components, events, programs and development plans of the Libyan economy from before the discovery of oil until the present time, in addition to analyzing the statistics of various economic variables, and commenting on them according to the objectives of economic theory and general economic policies.

Given that the human element is the decisive element in the production process, there was a need to expand the study of human resources, as it is an important asset that must be preserved and developed. This is done through studying the distribution of the population, population trends, and other topics related to the workforce, the cost of labor, labor productivity and raising its efficiency, unemployment, and internal and external migration. From an applied perspective, the material is concerned with studying human resources in Libya and workforce planning in it.

This course aims to introduce students to the importance of evaluating productive and service projects from economic and social perspectives for the national economy, and to clarify the fundamental differences between public and private projects in terms of their characteristics, objectives, and criteria. The course also aims to demonstrate detailed studies for evaluating projects in their technical and marketing aspects, and to select economic and social criteria for measuring project profitability. Furthermore, it highlights the importance and role of investment and its various types for economic projects, comparing the economic and social alternatives for different projects, and utilizing planning as a scientific method for establishing, sustaining, and ensuring the economic viability of economic projects.

Given the role that labor plays in the production process as a human resource and one of its most important inputs, this increases the importance of the scientific material that studies that element (labor). Consequently, the subject of labor economics is taught to students of the Department of Economics and is one of its applied branches, as it is concerned with studying the labor market, its components, the factors affecting it, and other aspects related to the labor element.

This study aims to introduce students to economic planning and its various types. It also includes a historical overview of planning science, with reference to Libya's experience in this field.

This course aims to introduce the student to economic problems, how to use the scientific method to identify and classify economic problems, and to study the negative effects of economic problems. In addition, it aims to introduce the student to the nature of the economic problem, whether it is a seasonal, transient problem or a permanent one, whether it is a partial or total problem, how economic problems overlap, what are the appropriate policies to treat them, and what is the nature of local and international problems and the relationship between them. This course also addresses periodic economic crises from a historical perspective.

This course aims to introduce the student to a set of agricultural economic ideas, opinions, and theories that aim to control the economic forces inherent in agriculture in order to improve the level of agricultural production, in addition to introducing the student to the characteristics of agriculture and its importance in the economy, and introducing agricultural production, its forms and trends, and the factors affecting supply and demand for agricultural commodities. This course also studies agricultural policies in general and agricultural policy in Libya in particular.

Given the importance of the role that industry plays in the development achieved by developed countries compared to developing countries in manufacturing, and the impact of this on development, this material attempts to define the importance of industry in the national economy, to define the economic structure of the industrial project, the requirements of modern manufacturing, the components of the industrial project, and how to plan industrial projects. Then it addresses manufacturing policies and its problems in Libya.

This course aims to introduce the student to the position of the oil industry in the global economy and its development, the development of supply and demand for oil and its derivatives, and to assess the economic importance of the nature of relations between producers and consumers, and the role of local, international and regional blocs, companies and organizations in the oil industry. This course also studies issues of oil pricing, the quotas of producing countries and other issues related to the oil industry.

This material aims to emphasize that investing in human resources has a direct and indirect economic return that is unmatched by any other investment, while clarifying the importance of this for developing countries, considering that the human being is the decisive element in the production and development process, and that the educational system must keep pace with the transformations in societies as they try to get out of the cycle of backwardness by adopting ambitious development plans.

This course aims to develop the student’s knowledge of economic growth issues by reviewing the different theories and models of economic growth. It also includes the use of mathematical models commonly used in economic literature to explain the ideas of different schools of thought, along with a review of the most important real-world experiences of developed and developing countries.