In this paper a low complexity MIMO MC-CDMA receiver is proposed. We investigate the receiver performance and complexity in the case of despreading multicarrier code division multiple access signals (MC-CDMA) prior to V-BLAST detection in multiple input multiple output systems (MIMO). The proposed structure shows that for iterative detection, despreading before detection (DBD) reduces the effect of multiple access interference (MAI), and the reported results demonstrate improved bit error rate (BER) performance and user capacity of the system over despreading after detection (DAD). Furthermore, DBD results in reduced system complexity. The performance of both detectors is evaluated using computer simulations for a frequency selective slow Rayleigh fading channel.

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The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-schistosomal activity of the medicinal plant ginger Zingiber officinale. Mice were individually infected with 100 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Four weeks post-infection, mice were orally treated with 1200 mg/kg of ginger for ten consecutive days. After the last dose all animals were sacrificed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger in treatment of the infection. The results obtained showed moderate reduction of 16.5% in the worm burden compared with control infected animals. The liver egg count showed a marked reduction of 53.8%. Ginger treatment showed a significant reduction in the size of liver granuloma where a percentage reduction of 66.35 was observed. Ginger treatment was slightly reflected on the liver function at such rate of infection, where an improvement in serum arginase activity was recorded, while no appreciable improvement in hepatic ALT and AST activities, albumin and creatinine contents. In conclusion Z. officinale displayed some degree of anti-schistosomal activity through reducing of the S. mansoni eggs output and the liver granuloma size.