Ad hoc underwater acoustic networks represent a very challenging field in digital communications due to the extreme nature of the underwater acoustic channel and also the requirement to meet critical needs in order to establish long range propagation, decentralisation and reliability. As a fact the underwater acoustic communications speed is five times less than the magnitude of the radio waves, and this makes the underwater acoustic suffer from high propagation delay and minimum throughput. This paper discusses the influence of the backoff windows on the ad hoc on demand Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) protocol. Underwater Acoustic Media Access Control (UAMAC) is implemented in a NS2 simulator to adopt the Multiple Access Collision Avoidance and Acknowledgment (MACAW) scheme. The simulation results for the developed system are presented.

ABSTRACT:- For electrical drives good dynamic performance is mandatory so as to respond to the changes in command speed and torques, so various speed control techniques are being used for real time applications. The speed of a Three Phase Induction Motor can be controlled using various controllers like PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Genetic Algorithm (GA) controller and Hybrid FuzzyGenetic Controller. Fuzzy-Genetic Controller is recently getting increasing emphasis in process control applications. The paper describes application of Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller in an enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phase Induction Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise that uses the Fuzzy-GA Controller for enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phase Induction Motor under the effect of the external disturbances and noise is implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation study indicates the superiority Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller over the Genetic Algorithm and fuzzy logic controller separately. This control seems to have a lot of promise in the applications of power electronics. The speed of the Three Phases Induction Motor Drives can be adjusted to a great extent so as to provide easy control and high performance. There are several conventional and numeric types of controllers intended for controlling the Three Phase Induction Motor speed and executing various tasks: PID Controller, Fuzzy Logic Controller; or the combination between them: Fuzzy-Swarm, Fuzzy-Neural Networks,  

Fuzzy-Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy-Ants Colony. We describe in this paper the use of Hybrid FuzzyGenetic Controller for enhancement of Static & Dynamic Response of the Three Phases Induction Motor Drives under the effect of the external disturbances. In this case, the obtained results were simulated on Simulink of Matlab.

Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Hybrid Fuzzy-Genetic Controller (FLC-GA) 

Abstract

Painful diabetic neuropathy is a disease of the peripheral sensory neuron with impaired opioid responsiveness. Since μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation can inhibit the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activity in peripherally sensory neurons, this study investigated the mechanisms of impaired opioid inhibitory effects on capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity in painful diabetic neuropathy. Intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg) in Wistar rats led to a degeneration of insulin producing pancreatic β-cells, elevated blood glucose, and mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia). In these animals, local morphine's inhibitory effects on capsaicin-induced nocifensive behavior as well as on capsaicin-induced TRPV1 current in dorsal root ganglion cells were significantly impaired. These changes were associated with a loss in MOR but not TRPV1 in peripheral sensory neurons. Intrathecal delivery of nerve growth factor in diabetic animals normalized sensory neuron MOR and subsequently rescued morphine's inhibitory effects on capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity in vivo and in vitro. These findings identify a loss in functional MOR on sensory neurons as a contributing factor for the impaired opioid inhibitory effects on capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity during advanced STZ-induced diabetes. Moreover, they support growing evidence of a distinct regulation of opioid responsiveness during various painful states of disease (e.g. arthritis, cancer, neuropathy) and may give novel therapeutic incentives.

Using a generalized derivative operator, we introduce and study a new class of harmonic univalent functions. In the present paper, we investigate some results for functions f belong to this class which include the necessary and sufficient coefficient bounds. Growth bounds and a closure property are also obtained.

Motivated by generalized derivative operator defined by the authors (El-Yagubi and Darus, 2013) and the technique of differential subordination, several interesting properties of the operator are given.