Abstract: Own cars are the most common mode of transport in Tripoli, Libya. About 66% of

Tripoli’s residents prefer to use their own cars and only 34% resort to depend on public transports

namely taxi, coaches and microbuses for their transportation activities in the city centre area. Rapid

increase in own cars’ usage, coupled with no public transport system have caused problems such as

acute traffic congestion, an increase in road accidents, deterioration in environmental well being and

unbalanced land use characteristics. A questionnaire survey was carried out in Tripoli to address the

first two of these problems. About 900 respondents were analysed where their needs were observed

and expectations explored. The study has found that the variables to support the use of public

transport system are the reductions in travel time, distance travelled and reasonable fares. The study

also identifies some factors that prevent the users of private cars, taxi, coaches and microbuses from

using the public transportation system, in order to enable the researcher to suggest and formulate

logical policies to support better use of public transportation system.

Key words: Own car, public transport, public transport system, Descriptive and analytical

Precoded spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using limited feedback are mainly based on the notion of delay-free feedback channels. In this paper, we take into account the time varying nature of the channel, and consider the feedback delay problem. In order to reduce performance degradation of spatial multiplexing systems in the presence of feedback delay, we propose the use of a Kalman filter linear predictor at the receiver to provide the transmitter with the predicted channel state information, and hence, mitigate the effect of feedback delay. The performance of this method is assessed using computer simulation, and the obtained results for the proposed channel prediction scheme demonstrate improved bit error rate performance for time varying Rayleigh fading channels.

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) provide an opportunity to meet the growing needs of rural areas. Many of the key features of ICT can be used to provide information and the requirements of people in rural areas. The digital divide considered is an important problem that countries face and it is much more complex than simply building out telecommunication networks and infrastructure. The divide is the result of a wide range of social factors, including but not limited to economy factors, education, literacy. Telecommunication infrastructure alone will not guarantee that users will be able to access and take advantage of services on the network. The paper begins with an introduction to the digital divide, and thus to highlight several successful initiatives provided by educational institutions and governmental organizations in Libya in the adoption of ICT. Finally, the paper provides some of the solutions proposed to reduce this divide.

The Paper discuses the issue of audited financial Statements reliability and independent audit in the context of agency theory

ABSTRACT:Web-based forum is an application through the internet to facilitate the process of discussions and exchange of ideas. It is also referred to as online forums, message boards, discussion groups, and discussion forums. Youth can play a role in shaping their societies of immense diversity through the means of communication and participation, and sharing ideas. Therefore, this study leads to develop a web-based forum application to help young people express themselves and their needs, and desires. The requirements of the webbased application were identified from the students in UUM who are in the similar age group, design the application, and a prototype to implement the design. ---------------------------------------------------------------------

A new physical, compact and continuous Model for extremely Scaled MOSFET Device is formulated, based on the Maxwellian approximation where the electron temperature is controlled by acoustic phonon scattering which simultaneously includes the hot electrons and the thermoelectric effects. The demonstration involving predicted current voltage characteristics and ring oscillator propagation delays reveals a significant benefit of velocity overshoot is also presented for circuit simulation. The extracted model describes current characteristics from linear to saturation operating regions with a single IV expression, and guarantees the continuities of Ids, conductance and their derivative throughout all Vgs, Vbs and Vds bias conditions. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulation such as HSPICE, Smart Spice and BSIM4v6. The new model has extensive built-in dependencies of important dimensional and processing parameters. Furthermore, the model accounts for all the major physical effects of the MOSFET characteristics.

Groundwater is the main water source in Jifarah plain, northwestern Libya, which suffers from a continuous decrease in the piezometric head. This is due to the difference between aquifer recharge and amount of water drawn each year to meet the increasing needs of the population supply, agricultural and industry activities. These were study the design of the model is very close to the natural hydrological conditions in the reservoir.

Conceptual and numerical models were implemented in a regional scale to show change in the natural situation after the over-pumping, which occurred in the last decades. Results of the conceptual model indicated that the highest groundwater levels and the value of discharge per unit width of aquifers.