The sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta Olivier

(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), is a key pest on

sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae), in

Ethiopia. At present there is a lack of efficient control

methods. Trapping shows promise for reduction of the pest

population, but would benefit from the development of

attractive lures. To find attractants that could be used for

control of P. interrupta, either by mass trapping or by

monitoring as part of integrated pest management, we

screened headspace collections of sorghum and the highly

attractive weed Abutilon figarianum Webb (Malvaceae) for

antennal activity using gas chromatograph-coupled electroantennographic

detection (GC-EAD). Compounds active in

GC-EAD were identified by combined gas chromatography

and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) provide an opportunity to meet the growing needs of rural areas. Many of the key features of ICT can be used to provide information and the requirements of people in rural areas. The digital divide considered is an important problem that countries face and it is much more complex than simply building out telecommunication networks and infrastructure. The divide is the result of a wide range of social factors, including but not limited to economy factors, education, literacy. Telecommunication infrastructure alone will not guarantee that users will be able to access and take advantage of services on the network. The paper begins with an introduction to the digital divide, and thus to highlight several successful initiatives provided by educational institutions and governmental organizations in Libya in the adoption of ICT. Finally, the paper provides some of the solutions proposed to reduce this divide.

The Paper discuses the issue of audited financial Statements reliability and independent audit in the context of agency theory

ABSTRACT:Web-based forum is an application through the internet to facilitate the process of discussions and exchange of ideas. It is also referred to as online forums, message boards, discussion groups, and discussion forums. Youth can play a role in shaping their societies of immense diversity through the means of communication and participation, and sharing ideas. Therefore, this study leads to develop a web-based forum application to help young people express themselves and their needs, and desires. The requirements of the webbased application were identified from the students in UUM who are in the similar age group, design the application, and a prototype to implement the design. ---------------------------------------------------------------------

A new physical, compact and continuous Model for extremely Scaled MOSFET Device is formulated, based on the Maxwellian approximation where the electron temperature is controlled by acoustic phonon scattering which simultaneously includes the hot electrons and the thermoelectric effects. The demonstration involving predicted current voltage characteristics and ring oscillator propagation delays reveals a significant benefit of velocity overshoot is also presented for circuit simulation. The extracted model describes current characteristics from linear to saturation operating regions with a single IV expression, and guarantees the continuities of Ids, conductance and their derivative throughout all Vgs, Vbs and Vds bias conditions. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulation such as HSPICE, Smart Spice and BSIM4v6. The new model has extensive built-in dependencies of important dimensional and processing parameters. Furthermore, the model accounts for all the major physical effects of the MOSFET characteristics.

Experimental and numerical investigations have been performed to study the natural convection heat transfer from a longitudinal fin arrays at different orientation angles. For such purpose, an experimental test rig was manufactured to be used for these investigations. It basically consists of base plate, an array of parallel longitudinal fins, heating unit and layers of thermal insulation. During the experiments, the fin spacing (S) was varied from 3.375 to 33 mm, while the fin height (H) from 15 to 60 mm. The orientation angle (Ф) was changed from 0° to 180°, and temperature difference between fin and surrounding (∆T) from 35 to 95 °C. To understand the general flow patterns dominating flows from the heat sink, the three-dimensionless elliptic governing equations were solved using finite volume computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. A comparative study between the experimental and numerical results was performed to verify the numerical code. It was found for the configuration tested that the heat transfer rate per unit base area increases with the increase in the fin spacing and reaches a maximum value then decreases with farther increase in the fin spacing. The maximum heat dissipation occurs at optimal spacing 5. 6 S opt = mm. Moreover, the average heat transfer coefficient was found to have a maximum value at Ф = 0° and decreased with the increase of (Ф) to reach a minimum value at Ф = 90°. Empirical correlations between Nussult number, Rayleigh number, fin spacing, fin height, orientation angle, temperature difference between the fin and surroundings were derived.