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Abstract  

In some engineering applications soil stiffness only could not be a reliable parameter in accordance with specific standardizations especially, when

dealing with dynamic loading. In other words, foundation soil should be altered regarding its ductility in order to prevent sudden damage due to brittleness. Plenty of researchers have studied the effect of multifilament polypropylene fibers on soil reinforcement. Besides, the alkaline activation method has been adapted to alter the strength properties of soft soil. Furthermore, in a cutting edge method, alkaline activation of soft soil, using fly ash and Potassium hydroxide, coupled with soil reinforcement was adapted to change the post-peak behavior of soft soil. The goal of this novel technique is to increase the ultimate strength and to enhance the failure mode. In this research work alkali activated kaolin soil and alkali-activated reinforced kaolin soil were cured for 28 and 90 days respectively. Compressive stress tests were conducted on both mixtures, namely, SF40 ( Soil +40% fly ash) and SFR0.75 ( Soil+ 39.7% fly ash + 0.75% PP fibers) samples. Results drawn from the tests revealed a drastic increase in Compressive strength for SF40 samples cured for 28 and 90 days, namely, 3680 kPa and 18500 kPa, respectively. Whereas, the strength recorded by the control sample was only 190 kPa. Though a sharp drop was seen when approaching failure. The addition of reinforcing Polypropylene fibers brought about a drastic enhancement in failure mode for both of curing regimes.

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Biosynthesis techniques have a number of advantages over other methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which provide a wide range of applications. The present work highlights the biosynthesis of AgNPs by mixing pear leaf aqueous extract with silver nitrate, and the formation of AgNPs was observed by the change of mixture color from yellow to dark brown and visible spectrophotometry. Moreover, the effect of pH, reaction time, AgNO3 concentration, extract volume and temperature on the suggested approach was also studied. The results showed that pear leaf aqueous extract is an excellent material for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, and by controlling the mentioned parameters that influence synthesis, a large number of AgNPs with small sizes may be produced. Keywords: silver nitrate, silver nanoparticles, pear leaves, biosynthesis 

Biosynthesis techniques have a number of advantages over other methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which provide a wide range of applications. The present work highlights the biosynthesis of AgNPs by mixing pear leaf aqueous extract with silver nitrate, and the formation of AgNPs was observed by the change of mixture color from yellow to dark brown and visible spectrophotometry. Moreover, the effect of pH, reaction time, AgNO3 concentration, extract volume and temperature on the suggested approach was also studied. The results showed that pear leaf aqueous extract is an excellent material for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, and by controlling the mentioned parameters that influence synthesis, a large number of AgNPs with small sizes may be produced.

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in many regions of the world, and has a significant economic and health impacts. Despite the numerous proposed therapies for this zoonotic parasitic disease. Currently, there is no definitive cure for CL. Meglumine antimony compounds are regarded as the typical treatment for leishmaniasis. However, they have a rather high incidence of adversative effects, that always, are not successful. Alternatively, Paromomycin and dapsone were used in various studies, though, with conflict results. Aim of study: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using of paromomycin cream, oral dapson and their combination in treatment of CL. Patients and Methods: This study is a prospective randomized clinical trial was carried out at the private outpatient Al- Ahlam Center of Dermatology and Cosmetology in city of Gharyan, Libya. That started from 1st of January 2020 to end of Dec 2021. 42 patients were joining this study, and randomly were divided into three groups according to protocol of treatment to assess the clinical response of the treatment methods. Results Regarding the outcome of the three different treatment regimen and after exclusion of the patients stop their follow-up; we found that 50% of dapsone treated group cleared the lesions in 1-2 months versus only 40% in paromomycin & Dapsone treated group and 0% for the paromomycin group, only 8 patients had no improvement with received treatment; 4 (33.3%) from dapsone group, 2 (20%) from each other group (P=0.036) Conclusion: Using of paromomycin & dapson combination in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis shows better result and early clearance LC lesions, whereas, using of topical paromomycin cream or oral dapsone alone were effective. Also, our results showed that, paromomycin is effective, safe and well tolerated in children. Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Paromomycin, Dapson, Gharyan, Libya

الخلاصة:

تتناول المقالة الطرق الحالية لمعالجة النفايات البلدية الصلبة في سياق كفاءتها الشاملة. تم

إج ا رء اختبار تجريبي لتقنية فعالة وصديقة للبيئة لتغويز النفايات الصلبة بالبلازما، وأكدت النتائج

التي تم الحصول عليها إمكانية الحصول على غاز اصطناعي عالي السع ا رت الح ا ررية.