Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of TNF-α in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), before and after phase I therapy with subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid (Gengigel Gel). A total of thirty subjects were included in this study; 20 CP patients as a study group (group I) and 10 systemically healthy subjects with clinically healthy gingiva as a control group (group II). The nonsurgical periodontal therapy (SRP) + HA gel were done in group I. Periodontal parameters, including PI, GI, BOP, PD and the CAL, were recorded. GCF and serum were collected from all individuals included in the study; the first sample was collected from all groups (study and control) before treatment. The second sample was collected 4 weeks after subgingival delivery of Hyaluronic acid & phase I therapy from group I. Levels of TNF-α in GCF and serum were quantified using ELISA. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in total levels of TNF-α in serum and TNF-α in GCF in study group after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy. Results also showed all clinical parameters were significantly improved after application of Hyaluronic acid with phase I therapy in groups I (p<0.001). Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the mainstay of treatment of periodontal diseases, furthermore subgingival application of Hyaluronic acid gel with SRP were effective in improving clinical parameters in CP patients. TNF-α level in serum and GCF are reduced after phase I therapy with application of Hyaluronic acid.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستويات الفلوريد في منتجات معاجين الأسنان التي تباع حاليًا في السوق الليبي. تم تحليل 30 عينة مختلفة من منتجات معاجين الأسنان (9 عينات للأطفال و21 عينة للبالغين) لتقدير تركيز الفلوريد باستخدام الطريقة الطيفية. أظهرت النتائج أن جميع عينات معاجين الأسنان المخصصة للأطفال تحتوي على مستويات فلوريد أقل من 500 جزء في المليون، وهو مناسب للأطفال. في المقابل، كان تركيز الفلوريد في 18 عينة (85.7%) من معاجين الأسنان للبالغين يتراوح بين 500 و1500 جزء في المليون، بينما تجاوزت 3 عينات (14.3%) المستوى المسموح به بتركيز أعلى من 2000 جزء في المليون. يمكن الاستنتاج أن محتوى الفلوريد في معاجين الأسنان للأطفال كان ضمن المستويات المثالية الموصى بها، في حين وُجد تباين واسع في تركيز الفلوريد في العينات الأخرى

A new record for Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf. is reported for the first time in the flora of Libya. This species was collected from Ariggiba region (110 km southwest Sabha city). A full description and habitat information on the plant are provided. A brief discussion about the most important traits of this species is presented.

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A design of a geothermal heat pump heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system has been done for XYZ Indianapolis School by using renewable energy. Geothermal energy is one of the important energies that has proved itself in air conditioning systems all over the world. The design was classified in three points as follows. Using borehole heat exchanger (BHEs) vertical type, heat pump and all its equipment such as mechanical room, pipes, and fitting design to cover the total load of the school the results were 20 boreholes and a total flow rate of 60 gpm (3 gpm/bore) of 20 % propylene solution, and spacing 20 ft with 1.1 Hp and 6.5 in impeller size. For individual borehole design, the results were 15 boreholes and a total power consumption 1.1 kW. For the ventilation design, the peak load for heating is 42779 Btu/hr, and for cooling, it is 47779 Btu/hr. There are 4 boreholes, a 0.5 hp electric pump with a flow rate of 10 gpm a 40ft of H2O pressure drop, and a 10 hp fan integrated with a water-to-water heat pump. The total load we assumed for the heating supply in class 6 and the corridor are 10% and 25 %, respectively. The thermal resistance was calculated for each case according to the fluid flow rate. The ventilation load of the school is designed separately from the heating and cooling loads and connected to a water-water heat pump that will make the system work with high efficiency. Finally, we designed this project using Geothermal Energy, which is cleaner than conventional energy.

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