Watermarking techniques have been considered as one of the best efficacious methods 

to solve the issues of protecting copyright due to the proliferation of digital multimedia 

information on the internet. The digital multimedia information is such as image, 

audio, and video which can today be easily copied, distributed, and modified without 

loss in fidelity. As a result, it is necessary to utilize some kind of copyright protection 

techniques to avoid illegal copying, distribution, and digital copyright modification. 

The digital watermarking techniques have engaged the researchers’ attention as a 

technique for protecting copyright in the digital multimedia information. This 

technique includes a subcategory of information-hiding technologies in which the 

ownership information is hidden into the original multimedia information without 

impacting the original multimedia information quality. Despite the advances in digital 

watermarking techniques, the main objective of many types of research in digital 

watermarking topic is to improve transparency and resistance to attacks and the present 

digital watermarking schemes are not sufficiently stable or strong against various 

attacks. This study aims to develop state-of-the-art digital watermarking techniques 

for different multimedia information through improving the imperceptibility and 

robustness to geometrical attacks and signal processing operations. Four novel robust 

blind digital watermarking schemes are introduced in this thesis for copyright 

protection of multimedia information that have not been previously introduced. The 

first robust blind digital watermarking scheme is applied for colour images utilizing 

discrete wavelet transform in combination with Walsh Hadamard transform and 

Hessenberg decomposition. The second robust blind digital watermarking scheme is 

applied for grayscale images utilizing discrete wavelet transform in combination with 

Walsh Hadamard transform and Hessenberg decomposition. The third robust blind 

digital watermarking scheme is applied for colour videos utilizing discrete wavelet 

transform in combination with Walsh Hadamard transform and Hessenberg 

decomposition. Forth robust blind digital watermarking scheme is applied for audio 

signals utilizing discrete wavelet transform in combination with Walsh Hadamard 

transform and Hessenberg decomposition. Several experiments are performed in order 

to present the effectiveness of the proposed digital watermarking schemes in terms of 

imperceptibility and robustness against attacks related to each scheme. The proposed 

digital watermarking schemes achieve good imperceptibility and robustness against 

geometrical attacks and signal processing operations. The proposed digital 

watermarking schemes have a superior performance in terms of imperceptibility and 

robustness than other reported schemes in the literature.

Keywords: Watermarking, Copyright Protection, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Walsh 

Hadamard Transform, Hessenberg Decomposition.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is one of the most vital tools for diagnosing and tracking progress of medication of various retinal disorders. Many methods have been proposed to aid with the analysis of retinal images due to the intricacy of retinal structures, the tediousness of manual segmentation and variation from different specialists. However image artifacts, in addition to inhomogeneity in pathological structures, remain a challenge, with negative influence on the performance of segmentation algorithms. In this paper we present an automatic retinal layer segmentation method, which comprises of fuzzy histogram hyperbolization and graph cut methods. We impose hard constraints to limit search region to sequentially segment 8 boundaries and 7 layers of the retina on 150 OCT B-Sans images, 50 each from the temporal, nasal and center of foveal regions. Our method shows positive results, with additional tolerance and adaptability to contour variance and pathological inconsistence of the retinal structures in all regions.

The paper assessing the nature of corporate accounting regulation in developing countries in general and in Libya in particular. It examines IASs/IFRSs adaption in these countries

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Power transformers, which perform the function of transforming the voltage levels, are one of the most important electrical equipments that are used in power transmission systems. Hence, it is mandatory to perform power transformermaintenance; as they are normally scattered geographically, it is impractical to do periodical monitoring due to insufficient manpower. As the reason above, transformer failure may occur which causes the transformer from network unexpectedly power shutdown. To overcome this shutdown from transformer failure of the adapter, a system for transformer monitoring and self- protection was proposed in case the maintenance is delayed. In this paper, the temperature and humidity within the transformer were monitored, in addition to monitoring the rate of loading on the transformer. By using the internet of things (IoT), a self-protection system is designed and implemented for thetransformer. Where, if the transformer is not serviced quickly, the transformer will separate loads of low-importance (workshops, Homes,….) and it will keep the loads of high importance (hospitals,…) .and if the transformer is unable to feed the loads of high importance, in this case the transformer will separates all loads and stay in no-load status where the transformer monitor its parameters by itself, if all parameters of the transformer return to the normal level, the transformer automatically returns the loads in order of priority. All these components have been grouped and combined into one device. In addition the device is powered using an AC-DC adapter by an external power source.

In recent years, researchers are paying more attention to high efficiency, high process stability and eco-friendly nanofiber fabrication techniques. Among all of the nanofiber fabrication methods, electrospinning including solution electrospinning and melt electrospinning is the most promising method for nanofiber mass production. Compared to solution electrospinning, melt electrospinning could be applied in many areas such as tissue engineering and wound dressings due to the absence of any toxic solvent involvement. Capillary melt electrospinning generates only one jet with low efficiency. Hence, we have proposed polymer melt differential electrospinning (PMDES) method, which could produce multiple jets with smallest interjet distance of 1.1 mm from an umbrella shape spinneret, thus improving the production efficiency significantly. Many techniques such as material modification, suction wind, and …

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