This paper considers a common problem that all industries contest with in practice ie the breaking down of machines that influence production and cost directly. In a majority of industrial applications, acquiring optimum utilisation of all available resources for existing and future predicted demand is a major function throughout all the levels of management. This paper uses a number of analytical tools and software that support one another ie Witness Simulation, Bayesian Network Modelling and Hugin Software. The use of expert experience and knowledge has been incorporated throughout the study as it is vital to model building and greater understanding of machine breakdown. This study uses discrete event simulation and Bayesian network modelling collectively to understand machine breakdowns to increase efficiency within a cement manufacturing plant ie the Crusher Machine. The Bayesian network modelling implemented by the Hugin Software is used to generate probabilities which are transferred into a discrete event simulation model using Witness Software based on the historical data, expert knowledge and opinions. The model simulates the three parameters of the machine life based on consumption of each parameter. This is translated into a probability failure rate that changes as the model is running. The model demonstrates decisions based on the probability of failure from the Bayesian model and based on life consumption of the different variables in the simulation model.

The aim was to build an educational website to teach preschoolers aged 2-5 years old some skills; related to reading, writing and pronouncing alphabet, numbers, animal names, shapes and other common words. Also, assist parents and teachers by providing digital game-based learning environment to “edutainment” the children. The study illustrated the usability and usefulness of this educational game-based website and provided future insights for researchers and developers to take into account in future work.

Libya as many other regions under arid climates suffer from inadequate water resources to cover all the needs of this rapidly developing country. Increasing water amounts for population supply, agricultural irrigation and use for industry are needed. As groundwater is the main water source in the country it represents a natural resource of the highest economic and social importance. FEFLOW numerical model was implemented in a regional scale to show how the natural situation has been changed after heavy groundwater abstraction having occurred in the last decades in the northwestern part of Libya. Results of the numerical model indicated that the current zones of depression in piezometric surface could have been caused by smaller withdrawn amounts than previously estimated. Indicated differences in assessed withdrawn groundwater volumes seem to be quite high and might influence considerably the future possibilities of groundwater use in the study region.

one of the challenges recently occurred in the concept of hiding data is the

robustness of hiding data in the way that is difficult to access or detect. Most of the steganography

schemes are based commonly on embed data within images or video frames on their original form

(uncompressed domain).

This paper presents a new methodology for data hiding in MPEG-2 video standard. Data will be

embedding during the compression stage of the AVI-MPEG2 encoding. The BPCS algorithm has

been modified and used in all our experiments for embed data, and the DES (Data Encryption

Standard) algorithm has been used to encrypt data before hiding. It only embeds encrypted data

bits in the quantized AC coefficients (low-frequency AC coefficients) of Y components (Luminance)

for the I-Frame. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method has the considerable

advantage over previous steganography schemes with a good PSNR values for the embedded

This paper looks into how simulation can be used and developed to combat and aid integrated maintenance and cost optimisation of Libyan cement factory by using simulation as an intelligent maintenance tool to enable intelligent decisions to be made by maintenance management. The cost of preventive maintenance against corrective maintenance, the loss of production and the delay in schedule. Also this paper presents a methodology by integrating maintenance, repair and replacement decisions in bridge management based on reliability, optimization, and life-cycle cost. The overall total cost incurred per minute due to machine failure for more intelligent maintenance decision making. The end result of the model identifies a true to life cost of preventive and corrective maintenance incurred by organisation due to failures.

This study investigated the impact of textual cohesive conjunctions on the reading comprehension of Libyan university students studying English as a foreign language. The study assumed that conjunctions have a positive effect on reading comprehension if students are explicitly taught these items. Data were collected through using a self-completion questionnaire, and the application of two intervention programmes in Gharian and Sabrata English Departments. A hundred students participated in the programmes that included the administration of pre-and post-test and only post-test experiments. As a part of the experiments, participants who were assigned randomly to the treatment groups attended about thirty hours of explicit teaching of conjunctions. The results revealed that conjunctives facilitate the reading comprehension of the fourth-year English department students in two Libyan universities. These findings could have important pedagogical implications, which may require explicit teaching of conjunctions in order to improve reading comprehension.

Key words: conjunctions, cohesion, coherence, reading comprehension.