تناول البحث دراسة مختصرة حول الاستشراق بصفة عامة ثم تم تناول دراسة مصرية القرآن الكريم عن. المستشرقين بصنفيهم المؤيدين والمعارضين لنظرة الإسلام في مصدر القرآن الكريم . وتم تقسيم البحث إلى مبحثين

The problem of microbial resistance continues to increase in all regions of the world, and even though a very large number of antibiotics have been produced in the last 30 years, microbial resistance is maintained because of the wide use of these drugs against many infectious diseases. Thus, natural products are seen as the alternative solution. Based on previous studies, Peganum harmala has been reported to exhibit several biological properties including antibacterial and antifungal. Thus, the main aim of this study is evaluating antibacterial activities of P. harmala against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, which isolated from infected patients in (Alassaba'a hospital, Alassaba'a, west of Tripoli). Agar disk diffusion technique was used for detecting the antibacterial activity, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was tested by serial dilution methods. The results showed that the growth of all tested bacteria were inhibited strongly by methanol extract of seeds at 1.0% with inhibition zones 14.66, 12.00 and 15.33mm against E. coli, k. pneumoniae and S. aureus respectively. Besides, MIC values ranged between 0.625 to 1.25 mg/mL. While, MBC values ranging between 1.25 to 5 mg/mL. On the other hand, methanol extract of leaves was also inhibit the growth of E. coli, k. pneumoniae and S. aureus with inhibition zones 11.00, 9.66 and 10.00mm respectively. As well as, MIC values ranging between 1.25 to 2.5 mg/mL, while MBCs value ranging between 2.5 to 5 mg/mL . In conclusion, methanol extract of P. harmala seeds exhibited strongly antimicrobial activity against E. coli, k. pneumoniae and S. aureus, thus it can be developed as anti-bacterial agent.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the fluoride content of bottled water brands available in the market of Tripoli city and to measure if it is consistent with local standards. A total of 23 commercially available brands were collected and examined for fluoride content. 22 samples were locally produced and one was imported. The average fluoride levels of each sample was determined using the procedure outline in the Palintest photometer method and then compared with the fluoride content printed on the bottle labels. In all bottled water brands investigated, 19 brands of the analyzed samples did not state the fluoride levels on the labels of the bottles. The determined fluoride concentrations ranged from 0 to 2.75 ppm. For each brand, the fluoride level was not similar to the labeled fluoride. 82.6% (19 brands) had a fluoride content lower than the Libyan standards, 1 brands had a fluoride content higher than the Libyan standards, and 7 brands had zero fluoride content. All the samples examined had fluoride content outside the range regulated by Libyan standards. There was a significant variation between the F levels stated by the manufacturer on the bottle labels and the values measured during the investigation