Abstract

Background:Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition affecting the pilosebaceoussystemin adolescents and young age and characterized bydifferentskinlesionsand might result in permanent scars. Chemical peeling is an effective option in the management of active acne. The mechanism of action lies in causing desquamation by targeting the corneosomes and keratinocytes, enhancing breakdown and decreasing cohesiveness. It also increases epidermal activity of enzymes, leading to epidermolysis and exfoliation and induces improvement of skin texture , pore size and reduces sebum production. Proper and successful treatment of acne involves choosing the right medication. Objectives:This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of using topical 25% Salicylic acid alone, in comparison with a combination of systemic Azithromycin and topical 25% salicylic acid, Zinc sulphate, and Benzoyl peroxide gel, in treatment of mild to moderate acne lesions. Subjects and methods:This study is a prospective, randomized clinical trial included a hundred patients diagnosed with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris and randomly divided into two equal groups Group A, treated by25% Salicylic Acid peeling in combination with systemic Azithromycin in addition to Zinc sulphate and topical Benzoyl peroxide gel. Group B, treated by 25% salicylic peeling only.All patients received at least 6 peeling sessions performed 2 weeks apart in 12-weeks duration. Results:Number of peeling sessions was significantly lower in group A than group Bp= 0.03. Improvement rate (92%) 46 cases in group A vs. (20%) 10 cases in group B.Improvement score after 6th session was 4.71 in group A vs 2.67in group Bp<0.001.Also, there was a highly significant improvement after each session in group A as 15 cases (30%) needed only 4 sessions for complete improvement. group B showed only significant improvement after 2nd,3rd, and 4th sessions, while there was no improvement in score after 5th and 6thsessions.There were no statistically significant differences regarding risk factors of acne such as; psychological distress, family history, dairy product consumption, fast food, cosmetics, regular exercise and special diet habits p>0.05. Disease duration were matched in both groups as mean duration in group A was 26.8 versus 27.5 months in group B. Back & shoulder lesion were found in 34 cases in group A while they present in 31 cases in group B. There were no differences regarding lesions characteristics between both studied groups except for pustules that were predominant in group A in 34/50 cases (68%) whereas, they found in 24/50 cases (48%) in group Bp=0.04. Conclusion:Topical 25 % of salicylic acid is more efficient to treat mild to moderate acne vulgaris andincombinationwith systemic Azithromycin in addition to Zinc sulphate and topical Benzoyl peroxide gel is significant than alone and both protocols equal in safety and tolerability. Keywords:Acne Vulgaris, Salicylic Acid,Chemical Peeling, Benzoyl Peroxide.

The present study endeavors to explore the dynamic causal relationship between economic growth and financial development in Kuwait, covering the time span between 1991 and 2017. Based on the objective of presenting robust results in relation to the research focus, a combination of time and frequency-domain methodologies has been applied. Using the Toda–Yamamoto and the Fourier Toda–Yamamoto time-domain techniques, no causal direction is found through the former test, while the causality flowing from financial development to economic growth is demonstrated by the latter. Nevertheless, the spectral causality test developed by Breitung and Candelon [(2006). “Testing for short- and long-run causality: A frequency-domain approach.” Journal of Econometrics 132 (2): 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2005.02.004] gives a more thorough overview of the dynamic causal relationships because it allows the temporary and permanent movements in the linkages between variables to be differentiated. The findings show proof of a bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth. Our findings highlight the emphasis on covering the frequency causality to provide greater insight into the interrelationship between the variables under consideration.

Analytical study associated with liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) has been investigated by using scattering and non-scattering mathematical radiation models. In the nonscattering model, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) was solved together with the continuity equations of mixture components under local thermodynamic equilibrium. A MATLAB code was used to solve these equations. This application employed a numerical integration to compute the temperature distribution within the bubble and the transient wall heat flux. First, in Rayleigh nonscattering model the particle size was 0.01 µm [6], and according to Mie theory principle, the absorption coefficient for small particle –size distribution was estimated (k = 10 m-1 was used) from reference [7] at complex refractive index of UO2 at λ = 600 µm and x = 0.0785. A MATLAB code was used to solve the radiative heat equation (RTE) in spherical coordinates. The mixture is in local thermodynamic equilibrium inside the bubble which has a black body surface boundary. The mixture in the bubble contains three components: the non-condensable gas Xenon, Uranium dioxide vapor, and fog. To simulate fuel bubble’s geometry as realistically as possible, according to experimental observation, the energy equation in a spherical coordinate system has been solved with the radiative flux heat transfer equation (RTE) to obtain the effect of fuel bubble’s geometry on the transient radiative heat flux and to predict the transient temperature iv distribution in the participating medium during a hypothetical core disruptive accident (HCDA) for liquid metal fast breeding reactor (LMFBR) for FAST. The transient temperature distribution in fog region was used to predict the amount of condensable UO2 vapor. The conclusion that can be drawn from the present study, is that the Fuel Aerosol Simulant Test (FAST) facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a larger margin of safety since the bubble rising time is greater than the bubble collapse time. Second in the scattering model, the spherical harmonics method was used to solve the radiative heat transfer equation (RTE) in spherical coordinates, and the particle size was 0.07 µm [6]. The scattering coefficient of UO2 particles (σ = 1.24 m-1 ), was calculated using Mie theory at the same number of stable nuclei N (2.9 E15 nuclei/m3 ) that resulted from the absorption coefficient k = 0.082 m-1 [7]. The P1 approximation method was used to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in spherical coordinates of participating medium confined between two concentric spheres. The surfaces of the spheres are assumed to be gray, diffusely emitting and diffusely reflecting boundaries, and isothermal boundary conditions were assumed at these surfaces. Marsak’s boundary condition was used to compute the net radiative heat flux, q(τ), and the incident radiation, G(τ), to analyze and interpret CVD experiments data that were conducted in the FAST facility at ORNL [8] and Fast Flux Test Facility reactor (FFTF) at ANL. From this study, it can be concluded that there is greater margin of safety when the bubble rise time is a greater than the bubble collapse time since the bubble collapses (UO2 condenses) before it can reach the top of the vessel. In addition, the work transfer by itself can’t completely eliminate the super-heated vapor, as the bubble contains noncondensable species which hinder condensation. However, it is reasonable to assume that work transfer could decrease the amount of UO2 vapor contained in the bubble as it reached the covergas [63].

The metallurgical influence of niobium (Nb) on an annealed high manganese (Mn) steel is still an active issue of discussion between automobile companies and steel manufacturers. Some controversy exists in the literature concerning the influence of Nb solubility on microstructure and thereby on mechanical properties. The influence of Nb-solubility on microstructure of Fe30Mn alloy steel was investigated experimentally and by computational materials modeling. Nb was added in 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1% additions and the alloy samples were annealed at 1200oC for 2, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes. The microstructure was investigated using an optical microscope, TEM and SEM-EDX and precipitates were chemically tested. Niobium solubility in Fe30Mn austenite was theoretically studied based on Gladman assumptions and was also examined by Thermo-Calc analysis. The result of this work is a comparison between the microstructure analysis and theoretical studies, and it has been found that Nb was soluble in Fe30Mn austenite phase and has had a solute drag effect where Nb(C,N) and NbN precipitates were seen and the effect was pinning effect 

Quality assurance and institutional accreditation in education is becoming of paramount importance. This study aims to assess the impacts of the accreditation process of the National Center for Quality Assurance and Accreditation (NCAAA) on the quality of education in one of private university in Libya. Methods: The research adopts a descriptive study design in University of Tripoli Alahlia (UTA) where an official accreditation process was completed by the NCQAA during 2017-2019. Data were collected using the self-study report that produced by the NCQAA accreditation committee during the accreditation process, and were retrieved in specific data collection sheet by one of the authors. Results: The NCQAA accreditation process that lasted about 4 years brought significant changes in the educational progressions and made the staff members more aware of quality issues in education. Our findings also reported significant improvements in the quality of education in the university. Conclusions: The process of NCQAA accreditation conducted in UTA has been positively improved the quality of education. Data from other institutions would also expressively increase the relevance and rationality of the study.

Abstract

Cohesion is one of the most important characteristics of good translation. Having a good translation is not achieved unless this factor is carefully observed. We may find students who have good mastery of spelling, grammatical rules and the skill of speaking but have noticeable weaknesses of using cohesive devices when they translate literary prose texts from Arabic into English. This study tries to examine the use of cohesive devices by University students when they translate literary prose text from Arabic into English. Texts used as a tool or instrument of data collection were given to some students to translate. The participants, in their translations, depended on certain devices ignoring the others. The subjects disregarded completely some categories of cohesive devices, such as the class of possessive pronouns, comparative reference, ellipsis, and substitution. Students sometimes misused the items, such as what happened with ‘the’. Many students were unable to vary the language (expressions) they used to express their ideas. Students sometimes succeeded in achieving cohesiveness but sometimes failed. A number of students did not end the sentences they wrote and started new ones.