Penicillin is a drug commonly used as an antibiotic agent. It is among the earliest discoveries made. It is a natural compound released to the environment by fungi (Penicillium notatum). Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 (Davies and Davies, 2010).

 Penicillin is found in various diverse forms and mostly obtained from Penicillium. The basic structures of penicillin and its derivatives are generally very similar and closely related. Penicillin and its derivatives generally have the similar basic ring β-lactam structure, which is formed by valine and cysteine amino acids through an intermediate tripeptide. The tripeptide third amino acid is substituted by an acyl group and this acyl group has specific functions and properties on penicillin and its derivatives

Penicillin G is one of the most used penicillin against microbes and it is not stable in gastric hydrochloric acid (Barker CI,2017). Oral intake of penicillin G is destroyed by stomach gastric acid before its absorbed in the blood and before it acts at the microbial infection site. Hence its route of administration is intra-muscular injection

penicillin is the most effective drug on Gram-positive bacteria. It is also known not to be effective on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi., penicillin act on the bacterial cell wall by breaking it down. Hence this leads to the death of the bacteria.Penicillin is a drug commonly used as an antibiotic agent. It is among the earliest discoveries made. It is a natural compound released to the environment by fungi (Penicillium notatum). Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928 (Davies and Davies, 2010).

 Penicillin is found in various diverse forms and mostly obtained from Penicillium. The basic structures of penicillin and its derivatives are generally very similar and closely related. Penicillin and its derivatives generally have the similar basic ring β-lactam structure, which is formed by valine and cysteine amino acids through an intermediate tripeptide. The tripeptide third amino acid is substituted by an acyl group and this acyl group has specific functions and properties on penicillin and its derivatives

Penicillin G is one of the most used penicillin against microbes and it is not stable in gastric hydrochloric acid (Barker CI,2017). Oral intake of penicillin G is destroyed by stomach gastric acid before its absorbed in the blood and before it acts at the microbial infection site. Hence its route of administration is intra-muscular injection

penicillin is the most effective drug on Gram-positive bacteria. It is also known not to be effective on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi., penicillin act on the bacterial cell wall by breaking it down. Hence this leads to the death of the bacteria.

Traditional education depends on a set of basic elements, the most important of which are the educational curriculum, the lecturer, and the student, but these basic elements have been added to a new element in distance education, which is the electronic environment. During the COVID19 pandemic that began at the end of 2019 and the rapid transformation from traditional education to distance education and the involvement of distance education in implementing pre-prepared educational plans. This rapid transformation, in which the elements of education were not developed and not prepared in advance, led to the emergence of some problems in the educational outputs. Distance education, although its basic elements are the same as those of traditional education, the method of implementing it differed by introducing a new essential element, which is the electronic environment through which educational plans are implemented. In this research paper, the most important and influential actors in the educational process of distance learning and the problems resulting from this rapid transformation will be studied, then find appropriate solutions to keep pace with the development in the educational process, through an evaluation study of the experience of the Faculty of Science at Gharyan University. The results of this research will be useful to implement changes in the educational system and to meet the requirements of modern educational standards for higher education.

The effect of Traverse speed on the microstructures of friction stir welded 6 mm thick austenitic stainless steel (304) plate has been investigated. Quantitative optical, high resolution scanning electron microscopy and Vickers hardness have been used to qualify and examine the microstructure through the plate cross section. The tool material was used is Tungsten Rhenium. For this work, friction stir welding was performed at rotation speed of 350 revolution per minutes (rpm) and traversing speed from 150 to 250 millimeter per minutes (mm/min) with an interval of 50 mm/min. Fine austenite has been observed in the stir zone, indicating that dynamic recrystallisation with no phase transformation occurred during FSW. The hardness profile is relatively homogeneous with slightly higher values in the stir zone than that of the base metal, suggesting that deformation and the cooling rate are dominant in the FSW process.