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Abstract— Private cars are important for most household

activities in Libyan societies. They give comfort and

convenience to the users to go to different destinations without

affecting other users. However, the total number of private car

and private transport namely taxi and micro buses on the road

increases and causes many problems such as traffic congestion,

accidents, air and noise pollution. This study aims to identify

the factors to support private car drivers shifting to public

transport system (PT) and to develop model shift from private

car to public transport in order to formulate policies to achieve

this. The study has been carried out in Tripoli city authority

areas among private car users who live in the areas with lack

of private transport and no public transport (PT) services. A

questionnaire survey was carried out to study the potential

reduction of private cars on road through optimal use of

suitable public transportation system in order to reduce traffic

problems. The probability of policy car drivers shifting to

public transport was examined based on scenario several

options such as reduce and improve in public transport travel

time, travel cost and car parking. This study has recommended

shift level of level 113 (it means that parking cost will be

increased by Libyan Dinar (LYD) 0.5 as level 1 (low level),

travel time to be improved by 10% as level 1 (low level) and

travel cost to be reduced by at least 50% as level 3 (middle

level)) to be implemented if the targeted PT shift around 60%

to be achieved. The result has shown a logical implementation

to both of the travellers and operators. Statistical Package for

Social Science (SPSS) and Excel 2007 software were used to

descriptive and analysis the questionnaire in this study

This research focuses on the use of the archetypal literary criticism approach in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies through the lens of Carl Jung’s psychoanalytic theories, specifically his notion of archetypes. Archetypal critics make the assumption that human beings all over the world have basic experiences in common and have developed similar stories and symbols to express these experiences. They argue that archetypes determine the form and function of a literary work, that a text's meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myth. This study aims to study the archetypal patterns in William Golding's novel Lord of the Flies, hoping to understand its symbolism by analyzing the causes and impulses of the characters’ external / internal / social behavior and thus to clarify the individual text by connecting it to more universal patterns that often go beyond literature itself. These archetypal features not only constitute the intelligibility of the text but also tap into a level of desires and anxieties of humankind.

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