A new physical, compact and continuous Model for extremely Scaled MOSFET Device is formulated, based on the Maxwellian approximation where the electron temperature is controlled by acoustic phonon scattering which simultaneously includes the hot electrons and the thermoelectric effects. The demonstration involving predicted current voltage characteristics and ring oscillator propagation delays reveals a significant benefit of velocity overshoot is also presented for circuit simulation. The extracted model describes current characteristics from linear to saturation operating regions with a single IV expression, and guarantees the continuities of Ids, conductance and their derivative throughout all Vgs, Vbs and Vds bias conditions. The model has been implemented in the circuit simulation such as HSPICE, Smart Spice and BSIM4v6. The new model has extensive built-in dependencies of important dimensional and processing parameters. Furthermore, the model accounts for all the major physical effects of the MOSFET characteristics.

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-schistosomal activity of the medicinal plant ginger Zingiber officinale. Mice were individually infected with 100 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Four weeks post-infection, mice were orally treated with 1200 mg/kg of ginger for ten consecutive days. After the last dose all animals were sacrificed to evaluate the efficacy of ginger in treatment of the infection. The results obtained showed moderate reduction of 16.5% in the worm burden compared with control infected animals. The liver egg count showed a marked reduction of 53.8%. Ginger treatment showed a significant reduction in the size of liver granuloma where a percentage reduction of 66.35 was observed. Ginger treatment was slightly reflected on the liver function at such rate of infection, where an improvement in serum arginase activity was recorded, while no appreciable improvement in hepatic ALT and AST activities, albumin and creatinine contents. In conclusion Z. officinale displayed some degree of anti-schistosomal activity through reducing of the S. mansoni eggs output and the liver granuloma size.

Parallel plate combustor wall cooling was investigated. The combustor air flowed down the gap between two flat surfaces in a low pressure loss configuration. The work was aimed at combustor liner external air cooling for regenerative combustor cooling prior to entering a lean low NOx combustor. The test rig was 152 mm square and the test section was a duct of 152mm width and height of 10 and 5mm with a 152mm length. The experimental investigation involved the measurement of the heat transfer coefficient using the lumped capacity method. together with overall wall cooling effectiveness measurements in a hot duct test rig. The compromise between increased pressure loss and enhanced heat transfer for obstacles in the duct was investigated. It was shown that at coolant flow rates comparable with combustor requirements, adequate wall cooling effectiveness could be achieved using this technique. The cooling effectiveness performance was compared with the alternative technique of impingement cooling using low impingement jet pressure loss

This paper presents computational predictions of adiabatic film cooling effectiveness for effusion cooling systems with 90o and 30o holes. Predictions are performed for a range of coolant injection mass flow rates per unit surface area, G, of 0.1kg/sm2 - 1.6 kg/sm2 for 90o holes with constant pitch-todiameter ratio of X/D = 11 and 10 rows of holes and for 30o inclined holes with X/D = 11 and 15 rows of holes over a 152mm surface length. The computational works performed are steady-state and the turbulent governing equations are solved by a control-volume-based finite difference method with second-order upwind scheme and the k-epsilon turbulence model. The velocity and pressure terms of momentum equations are solved by the SIMPLE method. The CFD prediction were validated by comparing the predictions with literature data for single rows of inclined holes and then applied to effusion cooling. The predictions included the use of a tracer gas in the coolant, which was used to predict the mixing of the coolant with the hot mainstream gases. Also the surface distribution of the tracer gas was a direct prediction of the cooling effectiveness. The mixing of coolant with the mainstream was studied and boundary layer temperature and coolant mixing profiles were predicted. These were compared with temperature measurement in a hot effusion cooling test rig. 

تمت إضافة ثلاثة أنواع نباتية للفلورا الليبية هي Ruta montana + Pimpinella cretica + plantago bellardii

تمت إضافة ثلاثة أنواع نباتية للفلورا الليبية هي Lactuca saligna + Sanguisorba minor