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Background and aims

In recent years, the education sector in Libya have been affected by wars and political fluctuations, impacting the quality and availability of education. There have been challenges in providing the necessary educational resources, as well as in training and qualifying teachers. E-learning, it can be an effective tool in improving education under difficult circumstances. Online education can provide opportunities for students to access educational resources easily, and can contribute to enhancing communication between teachers and students. E-learning can also play a role in developing students’ technology skills, which is important in our modern era. In 2019, the Faculty of Science at the University of Gharyan partially implemented online learning as a response to COVID-19 pandemic, and this program continued for two academic terms. Therefore, the paper aims to highlights both the advantages and limitations of E-learning within the environment of university education in Libya

Description

Background and aims

The physical parameters and the occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in Ain-Zayanah lagoon, Benghazi, Libya, were studied from August, 2005–July, 2006, as a part of detailed investigation on the feasibility of converting the lagoon into an aquaculture farm for captive breeding and culturing of different economically important edible fish, fish fry, molluscan and crustacean animals, and for culturing the zooplankton which form the food of these organisms.

Methods

Five different sites located near to the shore were selected in the lagoon for water and zooplankton monthly sampling and analyses. The physical parameters of the water included air and water temperatures, transparency, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen and total hardness; they were analysed using standard methods. Various differences were revealed in the relationships of these parameters in and between sites, months and seasons.

Results

Seven major groups of zooplankton inhabited Ain-Zayanah lagoon; rotifers formed the dominant one (40.50%), followed by rhabtida (21.61%), crustacean larva (14.55%), foraminifera (13.23%), ostracoda (5.97%), copepoda (4.13%) and cladocera (0.01%). Air and water temperatures, pH, DO, electrical conductivity, TDS and hardness had different relationships with the seven zooplankton groups in Ain-Zayanah lagoon.

Conclusion

The results obtained were discussed extensively in the light of available literature in the fields, and suitable conclusions, suggestions and precautions to be taken were given in connection with the establishment of Aquaculture farm in Ain-Zayanah lagoon

Abstracts of research articles should be translated from Arabic into English before being submitted for publication in Libyan academic journals. Because English publishing allows non-native speakers to gain international recognition (Duszak & Lewkowicz, 2008). This study aimed to identify the most typical errors made while translating the Arabic abstracts into English. For this purpose, a corpus of 33 translated abstracts of research articles (RA) were analyzed. They were extracted from 11 issues of the Journal of Gharyan University and were published from 2016 to 2021. The analytical frameworks developed by Popescu (2013) and Laio (2010) were adopted. A preliminary analysis was carried out to develop a new category of translation errors that is appropriate for the current corpus. The results revealed a large number of errors in the translated abstracts. They were translation, stylistic, and linguistic errors. It is suggested that the Journal of Gharyan University should devote more effort to evaluating and polishing the translated abstracts before publishing the articles. If they wish to obtain a worldwide reputation, they should also include translators on the journal's editorial board to translate the Arabic abstracts into English appropriately. 

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