Abstract: Earth velocity changes under many reasons. They cause variations in the length of daytime. These reasons are; interior changes, which usually occur during events that tend to speed up Earth’s rotation slightly but noticeably, and Outward changes, where material that was typically at one point at a higher elevation on Earth surface falls down to be at a lower point. The first reason may show in several figures like earthquake and condensing core of earth. On the other hand, tide, melting glacier poles, and changing weather they cause the other reason. The amount of time that increasing or decreasing in a day until now do not exceed few seconds, but on the massive scale of time as the age of earth it becomes important value. 

Abstract

 In recent years, there has been much emphasis and motivation for teaching at schools of different levels to move from the traditional way of teaching “chalk and talk‟ to a more creative and innovative teaching methodology. In this paper, it has been defined the creative thinking and its hidden meaning, also it has explained the creativity as a process which has included four kinds (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration). Likewise, it has been mention some barriers that prevent the students of the creative thinking that has divided into three kinds of blocks (perceptual blocks, emotional blocks and cultural blocks). Furthermore, some stimulated strategies and techniques have been explainedd in order to enhance and support using creative thinking of young students. In addition , distinct types of media which have been involved in modern teaching techniques in order to create more creative thoughts which may be helpful in improving the creative thinking of young students. Moreover, some facts about how to prepare for the age of modern teaching technology have offered. Some remarkable examples: encourage students to use different computer programs, electronic mail, databases in their research or ask and answer of their varied questions. The importance of this paper has been embodied in the following: It gives opportunity to influence the personality of teachers to improve their traditional methods of teaching and it is an attempt to change the ministry of education’s policies relating to the current curriculum , in order to move forward more understanding and creative thinking of the information more than memorization.

Nowadays, the bulk of e-commerce is carried out in English. At the same time, however, the emergence and growth of Arab e-commerce has attracted attention from e-commerce giants, such as AliBaba and Amazon. Acquiring a deeper understanding of culture-specific advertising practices is thus quickly becoming necessary for digital advertisers and marketers seeking to tap into both English- and Arabic-speaking consumer markets. Despite this, little has been written on online advertising discourse within the particular contexts. To address this, the present study reports on a pragmatic two-level rhetorical analysis of the macro-structure of the sub-genre of online advertisements in English and Arabic and focuses on the identification of the persuasive linguistic features employed to signal constituent moves. Drawing upon Swales’ move-step model of rhetorical analysis, the exploration of a comparable corpus of 100 online advertisements of skin care products per language introduced new layers in the rhetorical organisation of [online] advertisements. The results revealed that English and Arabic advertisements consisted of both common and culture-specific rhetorical moves. The persuasive strategies employed common lexico-grammatical features at syntactic, semantic, and discoursal level, albeit to a different extent. Overall, the results of this study illustrate that online advertisements of skin care products could be considered as a particular sub-genre with context-specific macro- and micro-structures. Through the investigation of the specific datasets, this study expands upon the existing analytical frameworks used for the study of advertising discourse and adds to the intercultural exploration of the rhetorical structures and persuasive strategies used in online advertisements.

Thyroid function is impaired by diabetes, resulting into thyroid disorders, accompanied by the alteration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation on TSH and total T4 levels in serum of Libyan patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with thyroid disorders. A total of 180 subjects were recruited and distributed into two groups: 80 participants in control group (43 females and 37 males), with an age range of 26-72 years, and 100 participants in T2DM patient group (54 females and 46 males), with an age range of 26-63 years. Each T2DM patient received a monthly intramuscular injection of 200000 ng/ml vitamin D for three months. Glucose, vitamin D, total T4 and TSH levels were determined in serum samples of healthy subjects and of T2DM patients (pre- and post-administration of vitamin D). After the T2DM group received vitamin D supplementation, the mean of vitamin D level increased in the T2DM, while the mean of glucose level decreased. Most importantly, the mean of total T4 level for patients increased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 1.34 to 8.23 g/dL, both of which were lower than the control group mean 10.99 g/dL. In contrast, the mean of TSH level for patients decreased significantly (p ˂ 0.05) from 11.77 to 2.71 mU/L, and both values were greater than the control group mean 2.01 mU/L. ANOVA results showed that age, gender, and body mass index had no significant individual interactions (p > 0.05) with vitamin D supplementation on total T4 and TSH levels. Vitamin D supplementation had a beneficial role on total T4 and TSH levels in serum of Libyan T2DM patients with thyroid disorders.

An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of welding parameters on the weld penetration, weld bead width and heat effective zone of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded 2 mm 304L stainless steel joints. The welding parameters including arc current, welding travel speed and gas flow rate were used to achieve the optimum joint. Taguchi technique has been implemented to optimize the welding parameters. Orthogonal array L9 (Three factors with three levels 3x3) was used to study the effect of arc current, welding travel speed and gas flow rate on the quality of 304 stainless steel welds. Signal to a noise ratio (SNR) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are also used to determine the main effects of different welding parameters on the weld bead width (WB), weld penetration (WP) and heat affected zone (HAZ). Results showed that welding current has significant effect, whereas gas flow rate showed no effect on the quality of 304Lwelded joints. Welding current of 185A, welding speed of 135mm/min and gas flow rate of 15lit/min have been selected as the best process parameter of weld bead width and weld penetration at level three of experiment seven. However, the optimum process parameter for heat affected zone are level one experimental three at165 A, 235 mm/min, 15 lit/min of welding arc current ,travel speed and gas feeding rate, respectively.

The network connectivity is often lost during some situations such as in war zones, battle fields or in regard to natural disasters like floods or earthquakes. Therefore, the connection becomes difficult for rescuing teams to locate people. At the same time, mobile nodes are difficult to be tracked/located. Therefore, flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) is the solution which provides a way to tackle this situation without the need for any central infrastructure with the use of flying objects (nodes). FANTEs are frequently formed of tiny unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which are flexible, affordable, and rapid to deploy. UAV as a router and without complex hardware deployment, provides an effective real-time communication solution for multiple UAV systems. FANETs can also be used to provide connectivity in such areas in which flying nodes are utilized. In this paper, we discuss the importance of the FANETs and present a routing protocol comparison that depends on the link budget to identify the optimized packet route for the data to be transmitted. The simulation design results show that a throughput enhancement of 0.62Gbps is achieved in comparison to the distance-based routing protocol. The results also confirm the efficiency of the optimized link state routing (OSLR) protocol over the other. The performance of FANETs can be optimized further by using the OLSR protocol.