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This Paper investigates the problem that EFL learners of First Year in English Department at Alassaba College commonly come across issues when pronouncing the th sounds /θ/ and / ð /.It is reported that they frequently substitutes /th/ for the voiceless sound /θ/ and /θ/ for the voiced sound / ð /. Researchers believe that learning the differences between these sounds can help the students of Arabic to be able to pronounce English consonants properly. This is due to the fact that first language can affect learning the second language. Whenever the differences are identified it will be easy for students to learn. The purpose of this study is to explore the interference of mother tongue in pronunciation field that was made by learners of English Department dealing with English sounds/θ/ and / ð. The participants were 30 EFL learners with Arabic background as their mother tongue. To help students overcome their difficulties, comprehensively instructingthe way to pronounce /θ/ and / ð / sounds correctly, using minimal pairs with numerous examples, and creating an inspired learning environment for the students to practice pronunciation are recommended, and recording the students’ pronunciation and analyzed using contrastive analysis.

:Abstract

Smoking causes about 6 million deaths annually, increases the risk for many diseases and alters hematological parameters. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the negative impact of cigarette smoking on the hematological parameters of healthy smokers in Libya. A total of 145 smokers and 145 non-smokers, with age range 39-45 years, were recruited. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were analysed for complete blood count. The obtained results were statically analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. The mean for all study variables for smokers (except for MCHC) was greater than that for nonsmokers. The coefficient of variation (CV%) showed that the smokers group was more homogeneous for most variables than the non-smokers group, except for BMI and LYMP. The results of ANOVA test showed that only in the case of MCHC the non-smokers had a significantly higher mean (p < 0.05). For other variables, the smokers had significantly higher means (p < 0.05), except for the RBC, where the mean was non-significantly higher compared to the non-smokers. There was no statistically significant effect for the age variable or for the interaction between smoking and age on all variables. In conclusion, the study revealed that cigarette smoking has a significant impact on most haematological parameters; confirming that smoking has severe adverse effects on most haematological parameters