Abstract

This study investigates how usually domestication and foreignization strategies are employed in literary works to convey cultural elements like ecology, material culture, religious ideas ….etc. It discusses the scholarly controversy about translation theories, especially with regard to how well each approach conveys cultural components and the motivations behind translators' decisions. These issues are considered by comparing the translations of two Arabic novels written by the Libyan author Ibrahim al-Koni (Anubis and The Bleeding of the Stone). Certain texts are extracted in order to apply the two strategies. The primary conclusions of the study show that although both domestication and foreignization techniques are used, translators tended to use domestication more often than foreignization. Most cultural elements were domesticated by replacing SL terminology with their TL equivalents.

Boerhavia erecta has been recorded for the first time in the flora of Libya. This widespread wild

weed was collected in 2023 and 2024 from multiple locations, all included in the regions Sabha and Ariggiba,

and situated approximately 110 km southwest of Sabha city. This species, known for its adaptability to

disturbed habitats and arid conditions, holds ecological significance in its native and introduced ranges. To

facilitate its accurate identification and support future research efforts, a comprehensive description of the

species is provided, along with data about the habitat and a distribution map. These findings offer valuable

insights into the plant’s occurrence, ecological preferences, and adaptability within Libya's unique climatic

conditions. Additionally, the study discusses the potential threats posed by Boerhavia erecta to native plant

flora and vegetation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring the spread of B. erecta and

conducting further studies to assess its ecological impact in Libya. This record not only highlights the plant's

expansion but also underscores the need for continued floristic surveys to document and preserve the

country's rich biodiversity.

Abstract

Developing reading proficiency is essential for mastering English as a Foreign Language (EFL), yet many learners encounter difficulties due to restricted vocabulary and a lack of contextual understanding. To mitigate these issues, educators often suggest using picture books, which integrate visual imagery with text to help students decode meaning through multiple channels.

This study examines the influence of illustrated books on EFL reading comprehension using a quasi-experimental framework. The research involved 30 primary school pupils, divided into an experimental group using picture books and a control group receiving standard instruction. Results from pre- and post-test evaluations showed that students in the experimental group made significantly more progress than those in the control group.

These outcomes suggest that picture books are a powerful resource for enhancing comprehension and learner interest. Based on these findings, this study recommends EFL teachers incorporate  illustrated materials into their lessons  to enhance students’ understanding and engagement.

Keywords: picture books, reading comprehension, EFL learners, visual learning, young learners, language teaching.

Arab societies, and particularly Libyan citizens, consume large quantities various types of bread daily. The

high level of bread consumption may negatively affect consumers' health due to the presence of several food

additives and hazardous chemicals that often exceed the permissible limits in bread products. In this study, nine

bread samples including Ciabatta bread, French bread, Barley bread, and Tanour bread were collected from

bakeries and markets distributed in the city of Kekla. These samples were analysed to determine the residues of

potassium bromate (KBrO3) using a spectrophotometric method depending on the redox reaction between

bromate ion in the samples and iodide ion of used reagent solubilized in an acidic medium. The study found that

the concentrations of KBrO3 in all studied samples ranged from 10.68 to 35.77 μg/g. This indicated that the levels

of KBrO3 in all investigated bread samples exceeded the permissible limit set by the American Food and Drug

Administration FDA (0.02 μg/g).

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate stress distribution around two and four implants supporting maxillary implant overdentures retained by locator attachments, comparing full and partial palatal coverage designs. Four identical acrylic models representing completely edentulous maxillary arches were fabricated and covered with polyvinyl siloxane impression material to simulate the oral mucosa overlying the residual ridge. The models were divided into two main groups according to the number of installed implants (two or four), and each group was further subdivided based on palatal design (full or partial palatal coverage). Locator abutments (female components) were secured to the implants using an abutment driver, after which the prosthetic frameworks were constructed. Four strain gauges were bonded to each implant fixture using strain gauge cement to record strain values. A LLOYD digital loading device was employed to apply controlled compressive loads, and the resulting stresses around the implants were measured for each configuration.

Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in stress values between two-implant overdentures with full palatal coverage (30.64 ± 17.47 N/m × 10²) and those with partial palatal coverage (49.72 ± 23.17 N/m × 10²), with higher stresses observed in the partial coverage design. In contrast, although four-implant overdentures with partial palatal coverage (8.77 ± 4.54 N/m × 10²) demonstrated higher mean stress values than those with full palatal coverage (5.51 ± 3.83 N/m × 10²), this difference was not statistically significant.

Within the limitations of this in vitro study, full palatal coverage design resulted in lower stress values compared to partial palatal coverage in two-implant-supported maxillary overdentures. For four-implant-supported overdentures, full palatal coverage also showed lower stress values; however, the difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract:

This study aimed to compare the amount of stress generated on two versus four implants with equator attachments in maxillary implant overdentures with palatal coverage and palateless designs. Four standardized educational edentulous maxillary models simulating bone type II were used. The models were divided into two main groups according to palatal design (palatal coverage and palateless), and each group was further subdivided based on the number of implants (two or four implants). In the two-implant subgroup, implants were placed bilaterally in the canine regions perpendicular to the residual ridge using a surgical stent, whereas in the four-implant subgroup, implants were installed bilaterally in the canine and second premolar regions. Equator attachments with appropriate cuff heights were selected, and framework patterns were constructed. Four strain gauges were cemented to each fixture using strain gauge cement. A LLOYD digital loading device was used to apply compressive loads to measure the resulting stresses around the implants for each attachment configuration. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between stresses on two implants with equator attachments (74.53 ± 35.9 N/m × 10²) and four implants with equator attachments (10.85 ± 10.81 N/m × 10²) within the same palatal coverage design. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was found between stresses on two implants with equator attachments (123.75 ± 44.60 N/m × 10²) and four implants with equator attachments (14.51 ± 14.60 N/m × 10²) within the same palateless design. It was concluded that stress on two implants with equator attachments was markedly greater in the palateless design compared with the palatal coverage design, whereas stress on four implants with equator attachments was slightly greater in the palateless design than in the palatal coverage design, with no statistically significant difference.