Abstract

Natural dentin repair is a biologically mediated process that preserves tooth vitality through odontoblast activity and intracellular signaling pathways. This study employed a mixed methods design, combining laboratory experiments with descriptive analytical surveys of dentists in Egypt, to investigate the mechanisms of odontoblast differentiation and assess clinical knowledge and practices related to regenerative dentistry. Laboratory analyses included microscopic and molecular techniques to evaluate cellular signaling during dentin repair, while questionnaires were distributed to 100 dentists across public and private sectors. Data were analyzed using quantitative statistics, qualitative assessments, and integrative interpretation of laboratory and clinical findings. Results revealed significant positive correlations between dentists’ knowledge of intracellular signaling and their clinical practices, with Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.52 to 0.65 (p = 0.01). A majority of respondents (80%) reported experience with mesenchymal stem cell therapy for craniofacial bone remodeling or dental tissue regeneration, and 70% observed improvements in bone density, while 65% reported enhanced dental tissue regeneration. Imaging studies were widely used, with 85% of participants undergoing radiographic or CT evaluations to monitor progress. Despite these encouraging outcomes, only 35% of dentists were familiar with molecular techniques targeting signaling pathways, and just 40% reported applying clinical strategies to enhance odontoblast differentiation. Notably, 75% expressed interest in specialized training to improve their knowledge and practices in regenerative dentistry. The study concludes that while theoretical awareness of dentin repair mechanisms is relatively strong, clinical application remains limited. Bridging this gap through structured training and evidence-based protocols will be essential for integrating molecular insights into routine dental practice, thereby improving dentin repair outcomes and long-term tooth vitality.

While most pregnant women in Gharyan city demonstrated adequate oral health knowledge, gaps persist in

preventive practices, particularly regarding fluoride use and dental visits. Education level and dental visits

during pregnancy were significant determinants of knowledge. These findings highlight the need for targeted

oral health education programs and increased access to dental services for pregnant women to improve oral

health outcomes for both mothers and their infants.

Abstract Classroom presentations represent an important aspect of activities that help English as a Second Language learners showcase their language skills, particularly speaking in front of others, and reveal the educational and psychological obstacles and challenges they face in performing these presentations at the best possible level. The study aims to identify the impact of language anxiety on classroom presentations by applying it to English as Foreign Language learners at Gharian University, which helps to investigate the level and type of anxiety that English as a Foreign Language students at the university suffer from during presentations. The study was conducted on various students of different semesters at University. The sample consisted of 100 students of both genders, divided into two groups (45 males and 45 females), during the academic year 2025-2026. The study relied on a questionnaire as the data collection tool, and the collected data was statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed a high level of anxiety about learning English among the participating students for various reasons. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between the level of English language anxiety among University students and the quality of their classroom presentations. Statistically significant differences were also found in language anxiety levels among students during classroom presentations, while no statistically significant differences were found between gender and anxiety levels in terms of their impact on the quality of classroom presentations. The stuconcluded with recommendations and suggestions to enhance the

Abstract

Obesity and headache are conditions associated with a substantial personal and societal impact. This study aims to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and Headache among adults in Gharyan City, Libya. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Gharyan city, Libya, during the period from December 2024 to March 2025. Two hundred (200) participants, including 94 males (47%) and 106 females (53%), were enrolled in this study. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. The participants were divided into four categories, based on BMI: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5 to 24.9), overweight (25 to 29.9), and obese (>30). A total of 200 participants, both gender males and females, were enrolled in this study during the study period. The study indicates that high percentage of headache in age was 43 -56 years, and severe obesity BMI > 30 kg/m2 were observed of high percentage in females n=27 (25.47%) compared to males n=17 (18.08%), although the severe obesity and headache found in females n=37 (34.90%), rather than males n=30 (31.91%) Obesity and headache are both, slightly more common in females than males, we recommend that more studies among obesity and headache in large patients should be done, although small sample size and lack of long-term flow-up of patients, were the main limitations of our study and results suggested a need for monitoring by X-ray and MRI diagnosis of patients have obesity

Keywords. Obesity. Headache, Gharyan City, Libya.

شهدت المدن الليبية تحولات متسارعة نتيجة للنمو السريع، والذي عالبا ما حدث في غياب تخطيط عمراني محكم أدى هذا الوضع الى مخاوف بشأن الزحف العمراني وعدم المساواة في الوصول الى الخدمات.تقدم هذه الدراسة منهجية تعتمد على نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) لتتبع هذه التغيرات في مدينة طرابلس، ليبيا تستخدم بيانات مفتوحة المصدر حول الشكل الحضري، والغطاء الارضي، وأنماط الاستيطان، بالاضافة الى مواقع الخدمات العامة، قمت بقياس كيفية نمو طرابلس وتحديد المناطق التي تفتقر الى الخدمات.

تظهر صور الاقمار الصناعية والمقاييس المكانية نموا قويا في المناطف المبينة على مدى أربعة عقود، حيث ازداد الزحف العمراني حدة في العقد الاول من القرن الحادي والعشرين ارتفع مؤشر "شانون انثروبي من 0.74 في عام 1984 الى 0.90 في عام 2010 مما يشيرالى أن النمو أصبح أكثر تشتتا، وفي الوقت نفسه، شهدت المناطق الطرفية الجديدة زيادة سكانية دون توفر خدمات كافية، مما يضطر الكثير من السكان لقطع مسافات أطول للوصول الى الرعاية الصحية والمدارس.

قمت بدمج نقاط الخدمات من خرائط الشوارع المفتوحة مع الشبكات السكانية، ومن ثم رسمت خرائط لفجوات الخدمة لتحديد المناطق ذات التغطية الضعيفة، تظهر النتائج واضحا لعدم المساواة الخدمية، حيث تحتوي مناطق غير المخطط لها على أقل من المستشفيات والمدارس والمرافق لكل فرد، بينما تتمتع الاحياء المركزية المخططة بمستويات خدمة أفضل. تساعد هذه المنهجية المعتمدة على نظام المعلومات الجغرافية المخططين في رؤية شكل النمو فجوات الخدمة، كما تدعم اتخاذ قرارات تخطيطية أفضل، تختتم الدراسة بخطوات للتحكم في النمو بشكل أفضل واقترح التوسع الموجه والاستثمار الخدمي المركز، وهى خطوات يمكن أن تدعم نموا عادلا ومستداما في طرابلس والمدن المماثلة.

الكلمات الافتتاحية: التوسع الحضري- نظم المعلومات الجغرافيةGIS - عدم المساواة المكانية- المورفولوجيا الحضرية- امكانية الوصول للخدمات.

Abstract

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach for craniofacial bone remodeling and dental tissue regeneration. In this study, a mixed-methods design was employed, combining laboratory analyses with clinical data from 100 participants. Results demonstrated that 80% of respondents had received mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, with 70% reporting improvements in bone density and 65% noting enhanced dental tissue regeneration. Imaging tests confirmed progress in 85% of cases, while overall satisfaction with therapy outcomes was reported by 80–85% of participants. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between stem cell treatment and improvements in bone and dental tissues, with coefficients ranging from 0.60 to 0.70 (p < 0.01). Side effects were minimal, with only 20% reporting complications such as swelling or pain. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of stem cell-based interventions, highlighting both their efficacy and safety. The study concludes that stem cell therapy represents a viable and effective strategy for regenerative dentistry and craniofacial surgery, though larger multicenter trials are needed to standardize protocols and validate long-term outcomes.