الملخص

يواجه استقرار الجهد تحديات كبيرة بسبب الطلب المتزايد على الكهرباء والاعتماد على خطوط النقل الطويلة، خاصة في شبكات الجهد المتوسط بجنوب ليبيا. تركز هذه الدراسة على شبكة سبها بجهد 66 كيلو فولت، التي تعاني من عدم استقرار الجهد نتيجة الاعتماد على مصادر توليد الطاقة الشمالية وخسائر الطاقة التفاعلية العالية. باستخدام برنامج، NEPLAN تم تقييم فعالية جهازين من تقنيات، FACTS وهما المعوض المتزامن الثابت (SVC) والمعوض المتزامن الديناميكي، (STATCOM) في تحسين استقرار الجهد.

تناولت الدراسة ثلاثة سيناريوهات: بدون تعويض، باستخدام، SVC وباستخدام. STATCOM أظهرت النتائج أن كلا الجهازين يحسنان استقرار الجهد بشكل ملحوظ ويقللان من خسائر الطاقة، مع تفوق STATCOM في الاستجابة الديناميكية والكفاءة الإجمالية. تؤكد هذه النتائج أهمية تقنيات التعويض المتقدمة في ضمان استقرار وموثوقية توصيل الطاقة في الظروف التشغيلية الصعبة.

With the growing demand for fast and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, deploying a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network has become a necessity to support both economic and social development. This paper presents three proposed layouts for designing an LTE network in the downtown area of Gharyan, which represents the city’s central and most densely populated zone. The project was motivated by the uneven distribution of coverage across the area, whereseveral locations experience either a complete lack of service or very weak signal reception. The aim is to support the city’s digital transformation by improving access to mobile internet and data services, which in turn enhances business performance, emergency response, public service efficiency, education, remote learning, telemedicine, and remote work opportunities. To implement this plan, the design process relied on Mentum Planet software, a tool specialized in mobile network planning, using real-world terrain and signal data provided by Almadar Company. Three different network layout designs were simulated using two built-in propagation models: the Planet General Model (PGM) and the Q9 model. These simulations were conducted to assess signal strength and coverage across the study area. The analysis showed that one of the layouts provided significantly better signal quality and broader coverage compared to the others. Moreover, the Q9 model proved more reliable in predicting signal behavior in densely built urban settings. Based on these findings, a set of technical recommendations has been developed to guide the future implementation of LTE networks in similar environments, while also addressing challenges such as terrain variations, signal interference, and infrastructurelimitations. In conclusion, this work contributes to enhancing telecommunications services in Gharyan and supports broader efforts toward innovation and digital inclusion across key sectors in the region.

In the era of digital communication, Facebook has emerged as a powerful platform influencing language use, particularly among university students. This study investigates the phenomenon of "Facebook English," a distinctive digital variety marked by informal grammar, abbreviations, emoticons, and creative lexical formations. Focusing on Libyan English department students, the research explores the relationship between Facebook usage and its impact on academic writing, grammatical accuracy, and perceptions of language formality. Using a quantitative methods approach that includes surveys and statistical analysis, the findings reveal no significant correlation between Facebook use and academic English performance. However, gender and age differences were observed in the use and perception of Facebook English. The study emphasizes the need for language educators to integrate digital literacy and critical language awareness into curricula, enabling students to navigate both informal and academic registers effectively. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of computer-mediated communication and its pedagogical implications in EFL contexts. Keywords: Facebook English, Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), Sociolinguistics, Libyan University Students, Digital Literacy, Language Variation, Academic Writing, Informal Registers, English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Social Media Linguistics

Abstract: This paper presents simulation technique for life assessment of the insulation of the power transformer. Load and ambient temperatures are two important factors that influence the hot spot of transformers. The transformer hot spot temperature is one of the most critical parameter in determining the life of transformer paper insulation. The simulation (Matlab Software Package) is based on related international standards as the IEC 60076-7:2005 loading guide method. Load and ambient temperatures of the transformer obtain from General Electrical Company and meteorology office of Libya are used as the input for the simulation together with transformer parameters from heat run test. Hottest spot temperature and loss-of-life are calculated. Lifetime of transformer is predicted. Keywords: Hot-spot temperature, power transformer, top-oil temperature, loss of life