Abstract:

This research deals with estimating the likely switch of own car and private vehicles modes

users to public transport modes in the main cities as Tripoli Capital city of Libya due to

reduced travel time of all trips influenced by travel costs through the introducing the public

transport modes such as public buses and increasing cost of car parking. The data on other

factors (variables) that could potentially reason a model switch of from own cars and private

transport to public transport were collected through a survey (questionnaire) with a specified

preference approach. Mode-switch models to describe the switch of behaviour of own car

operators to public transport are developed. A binary logit regression model was used to

assessment the transport displacement model for work and study trips. Mode-switch

likelihood curves have also, been developed to serve as a user-friendly tool to analyse the

likely model-switch for a variety of variables. One way to achieve this objective is by

establishing reserved public transport lanes on main urban Tripoli city roads. The providing of

private road lanes will reduce the level of road traffic congestion and this may effect in a

switch of all or some private transport mode users to public transport modes.

Key words: Own car, Public transport modes, logit model, Travel time, Travel cost, parking

cost and switch probabilities.

الملـــخــــص

𝑘

متفردللمعادلةالتفاضليةاإلهليلجيةشبهالخطيةمنالدرجةالثانيةمعشرطحدودي

انأسلوبالبرهانفيالمسائليعتمداساساعليكلمننظريةالنقطةالثابتةلباناخفي

(Ω),𝐻0

تفردلمعادلةبواسونمعشروطحدوديةغيرمحلية.وتمتأي

فيهذهالورقة،تمتدراسةحلالمعادالتالتفاضليةالجزئيةاإلهليلجيةالخطيةوغير

الكلماتالمفتاحية:فضاءسويوليف،معادلةبواسن،المعادلةالتفاضليةاالهليجية

متكاملغيرخطي.بحيثتستندالحجةإلثباتالمشكلةالسابقةإلىنظريةالنقطةالثابتة

??فضاءاتسوبوليف??

البحث.وأيضانوقشتالعديدمنالتعريفاتاألساسيةوالنظرياتوالمالحظاتحول

الفضاءالمتريالكامل-مبدأالحداألقصىوالحداألدنى-مبدأالمقارنة.

الخطيةالكالسيكيةوالمعممةمنالدرجةالثانيةمعشروطحدوديةغيرمحلية.كماتم

لباناخفيالفضاءالمتريالكامل،ومبدأالحداألقصىوالحداألدنى،ومبدأالمقارنة.كما

تضمينالمفاهيماألساسيةوالنظرياتالمتعلقةبالدراسة،والتيتشملالنتيجةالرئيسيةلهذا

(Ω(.كمااشتملتهذهالورقةعلىدراسةوجودحل

ًضمامناقشةوجودحل

نقطةالثابثةلبانخ.

Abstract

This qualitative research has been explored factors affecting English language learner performance and teacher effectiveness. Specifically, it has been investigated key elements impacting English language teacher effectiveness and learner proficiency, grounded in established theoretical frameworks and prior research. The study has been aimed to understand how to enhance the English language teaching process by addressing challenges originating from teachers. It has been provided a clear definition of an effective teacher and clarified the meaning of "effectiveness" within language instruction. Furthermore, it has been elucidated the characteristics of effective language teachers and presented a comprehensive understanding of professionalism and teacher professional development. It also has been explored teachers' perceptions regarding the qualities of effective English language instructors and outlined concrete steps for impactful professional development initiatives. Furthermore, it has been identified common challenges in teaching English effectively faced by educators and have been proposed practical remedies to overcome these obstacles. Finally, it has been concluded with recommendations for the Ministry of Education, advocating for systemic interventions that influence policy, resource allocation, and national strategy to cultivate a culture of continuous learning and excellence among English language teachers.

Keywords: English Language Learners, Teacher Effectiveness, Learner Proficiency, Professional Development, English Language Teaching, Pedagogical Challenges, Teacher Professionalism, Educational Policy.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore EFL teachers’ perceptions of the 21st-century PD program in six primary schools in Al Jabal Al Gharbi district. 31 teachers participated in the study. The mixed-research approach was used to conduct the research. A structured questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to gather the data. The results revealed that participants acquired several teaching skills, such as new techniques for teaching vocabulary, speaking, and listening language skills, from the 21st-century PD program. Furthermore, the participants reported positive changes in their students’ outcomes, including improved speaking, listening and vocabulary. The findings also revealed some complications in implementing the PD program, including a lack of resources and administrative support at some schools.

This research investigated the challenges medical university students encounter in learning

technical vocabulary. A quantitative research approach was adopted. 61 first-year medical

students at the University of Gharyan participated in the study. A structured questionnaire was

used to gather the data. The findings revealed that medical university students encounter

several challenges in medical vocabulary learning, including pronunciation, spelling, meaning and use. The results also indicated that medical university students struggle to recall some

medical terms, which could be attributed to cognitive overload. The researchers suggest

revaluating the current English medical programs at the Faculties of Medicine in Libya.

Teaching vocabulary in context, highlighting the grammatical categories of words, drawing

distinctions between synonyms through examples, and training students on using medical

words through interactive activities could enhance the current English medical programs.

مؤخرًا برزت عدة تساؤلات حول طبيعة علاقة الذكاء الاصطناعي بالذكاء البشري، فالهدف من هذه الدراسة هو مناقشة فرضية أن العلاقة بين الذكاءين يجب أن تُبنى على التكامل لا على التنافس. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من خلال مراجعة الأدبيات الحديثة التي تناولت الإمكانات التكاملية بينهما.. كما واوصت الدراسة بتبني اطار تعاوني تشاركي (الذكاء التشاركي) والذي يعزز التفاعل الايجابي بين الانسان والآلة..

.

Abstract. The cosmopolitan or banded garden spider, Argiope trifasciata (Forskål, 1775), the lobed spider, A. lobata (Pallas, 1772) and the MENA lobed spider, A. sector (Forsskål, 1776) are reported, figured and described for the first time in Gharyan city, northwestern of Libya, based on adult female specimens gathered from different plants:- amaranth, haloxylon, prickly saltwort, retama, safflower, vetches, across various sites in the city. Unpublished reports of Argiope species were recorded in 1934 along the Libyan coast.