تقدم هذه الورقة بحثاً حول إطار عمل يعتمد على التعلم العميق للتصنيف متعدد الملصقات لأمراض الصدر باستخدام صور الأشعة السينية وبنية EfficientNet. يعالج هذا الإطار تحدي تشخيص الحالات المتعددة التي تتشابه في المظهر وغالباً ما تحدث معاً. يستخدم إطار العمل تقنية التعلم بنقل الخبرة (Transfer Learning)، مع إجراء ضبط دقيق لعدة متغيرات من نموذج EfficientNet (من B0 إلى B4) باستخدام مجموعة بيانات NIH ChestX-ray14. كما يوظف البحث تقنيات Focal Loss و Stochastic Weight Averaging لمعالجة اختلال توازن البيانات وتحسين قدرة النموذج على التعميم. يعتمد هذا النهج على آليات الانتباه (Attention Mechanisms) وتقنية Grad-CAM لجعل النتائج أكثر قابلية للتفسير، مما يثبت أن التوقعات تستند إلى ميزات سريرية هامة. حقق النموذج درجات عالية في مقياس ROC-AUC للحالات الأكثر وضوحاً مثل الانصباب (0.8545)، وتضخم القلب (0.8003)، والاسترواح الصدري (0.7820). ومع ذلك، واجه النموذج صعوبة أكبر في تصنيف الحالات الأكثر دقة مثل الارتشاح، والعقيدات، والالتهاب الرئوي. يؤدي إطار العمل بشكل يضاهي أو يتفوق على العديد من نماذج الشبكات العصبية التلافيفية (CNN) القائمة من حيث الدقة والكفاءة. يوفر هذا البحث سير عمل قوياً وقابلاً للتكرار لتطبيقات الأشعة، مع إمكانية استخدامه في مهام تشخيصية أخرى. كما تشير الدراسة إلى بعض المعوقات، مثل اختلال توازن الفئات والحاجة إلى دعم أفضل لاتخاذ القرارات السريرية، وتقترح تحسينات مستقبلية مثل تقنيات أفضل لتعزيز البيانات ونمذجة عدم اليقين.

Background and objective :Helicobacter pylori [H.pylori] infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections worldwide especially in the developing countries. This bacterium is the cause of many diseases such as MALT lymphoma, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. According to recent reports, H.pylori infection may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The current study aimed at investigating the association of H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Methods: The current study was conducted on 52 patients with colon cancer as the case group and 200 subjects without pathological finding (i e, polyps, neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases) as the control group. Blood samples were collected from the patients in order to assess the presence of anti-H. pylori infection antibodies by the serum titer levels of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with commercial kit by (Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes-Italy). Results: This study demonstrates distinct associations between H.pylori infection markers and CRC risk. While IgG seropositivity showed a significant 2.16-fold increased CRC risk (p = 0.019). Conclusion: This research finding IgG seropositivity may serve as a broader risk marker.

Despite the critical demand for advanced English proficiency in Libyan 

higher education, primary public schools, particularly in rural areas, have 

been neglected. This qualitative study investigates the imperative for 

implementing improved methodologies in Teaching English as a Foreign 

Language (EFL) in Libyan primary public schools, using the post-conflict 

rural municipality of Al Gwaleesh as a case study. Data were collected by 

questionnaires and classroom observations from ten teachers and ten third

year pupils. The findings reveal a systemic reliance on traditional Grammar

Translation Methods, a stark deficiency of resources (including basic 

teaching aids and ICT), and minimal student engagement. Teachers 

demonstrated limited application of Communicative Language Teaching 

(CLT) principles, focusing predominantly on rote memorization and written 

exercises. Consequently, pupils reported low motivation and a failure to 

grasp the language's practical utility. The study concludes that a 

fundamental overhaul of EFL pedagogy in Libya is urgently required, 

recommending the integration of audio-visual aids, activity-based learning, 

and 

strategic 

incorporation 

of 

Information and Communication 

Technologies (ICTs) to foster intrinsic motivation and build a sustainable 

foundation for English proficiency.

This paper presents the design and implementation of a smart robotic vacuum cleaner based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, named IO-VAC, specifically developed for smart home environments. The paper covers both the mechanical and electronic aspects of the robot’s development. A 2D layout was created using ArchiCAD to define the positioning of components and sensor angles when designing the robot, followed by a 3D model to visualize the final design. The robot chassis was fabricated using reinforced plastic to ensure durability and lightweight structure. The IO-VAC is controlled using an Arduino Mega board programmed in C/C++. Where, the system includes three ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoidance, along with an infrared (IR) sensor for edge detection to prevent falls. The embedded system of IO-VAC integrates an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, allowing for remote control via the Blynk IoT platform to enable users to control the robot’s movement (forward, backward, left, right), adjust suction power, select the desired cleaning algorithm, and monitor the battery level in real-time. In this paper three movement algorithms were developed: random, spiral and zigzag, and their performance was tested on two types of surfaces smooth and rough to ensure reliability and efficiency in various cleaning conditions after testing the validation of IO-VAC. Based on the test results of robot performance, the zigzag algorithm proved to be the most effective in terms of covered area, cleaning mission time, power consumption and minimizing redundancy. This work demonstrates an effective integration of embedded systems with IoT technologies, offering a smart and cost-efficient solution for automating household cleaning tasks.

Libya is country of desert and the arid climate makes it in extreme lack of surface water .Groundwater then bececomes a very important resource to meet the economical and agricultural demand ,which believed to be comparatively much cleaner and free from poliution than surface water , water poliution is a state of deviation from pure condition .whereby its normal function and properties are affected .The present study is amied at assesses the bacteriologcal pollution of ground water samples used for humans and animals at different 11 localities in Tripoli rigion , Libya .This study related to the bacteriologcal analysis revealed high values of toral bacterial count in groundwater samples from both tanks (648.85 cfu/ml)and wells (394.34cfu/ml) than standard count imit (100cfu/ml)for driking water by EPA. Naarly similar values of MPN of coliform (58.00MPN/100ml) and E.coli bacteria (0.20) from both tanks and wells, other than zero number per 100 ml set by WHO .Finally , we did not find pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella and Enterococci bacteria , but there is very littel number of pathognic bacteria as Staphylocooccus aurous (1.50) and Pseudomonas aerugnosa (0.07) isoaled from both tanks and wells samples . Hence ,it was concluded that . This research to analysis the bacteriologcal pollution of grandwater used for hnmans and animals for some different localities of Tripoli , Libya with review to the hygienic standards and suggest an approach for imporing and prevent such contamination . Microbiological lested ground waters samples are good and mostly suitable for domestic uses. the coliform and pathogenic bacterial contamination render this water unsatisfactory for driking purposes unless bacteriologically perfactly treated ,if necessary for consideration for utility.

ملخص

الانتـولوجي لوصف المكونات الاساسية لمصادر المعلومات المختلفة، التي أصبحت القضية الاساسية لاسترجاع والوصول الذكي الي المعلومات، الانتولوجي كمواصفات واضحة تكون واسعة الاستخدام في العديد من التطبيقات، لدعم علم دلالات الالفاظ "سيمانتك" ولإعطاء نماذج غنية المعني من الواقع. مجال الانتولوجي كـ تطبيق ناشئ جديد يمتلك امكانيات كبيرة في اعطاء مواصفات واضحة لنموذج المعرفة.

 نظام تمثيل المعرفة الذي يعتمد على منطق الوصف يكون قادر علي انجاز أنواع مختلفة من التفكر ويركز عادتاً على طرق لإعطاء مستوي عالي من توصيف العالم الذي يمكن ان يستعمل بفاعليه لبناء تطبيقات ذكية.

تفكر الوصف المنطقي ينجز خدمات الاستدلال، كحساب استدلال الفصائل الام من الفصيل، تحديد  مكونات الفصيل من عدمه. معظم التقنيات المتاحة من التفكر الوصف المنطقي يكون RACER , FaCT, FaCT++, Pellet.

في هذه الورقة استعملنا مصطلح (منطق الوصف) كلغة شكلية لتمثيل المعرفة والتفكر حول مجال اهتمامنا  "مجال التمور".

Abstract

 Ontologies to describe the basic contents of different information sources has become the key issue to intelligent retrieval and access of information.

Ontologies, as an explicit specification, are widely used in many applications to support the semantics and to provide a richer model of reality. Domain Ontology as an emerging new discipline has a great potential in providing such explicit specification to knowledge model.

     A knowledge representation system based on Description Logic is able to perform specific kinds of reasoning and usually focused on methods for providing high-level descriptions of the world that can be effectively used to build intelligent applications.

A Description Logic reasoner performs various inferencing services, such as computing the inferred super classes of a class, determining whether or not a class is consistent. Some techniques of the popular Description Logic reasoners available are as RACER , FaCT, FaCT++, and Pellet.

  In this paper, we mainly use the term "description logic" (DL) as a formal language for the representation knowledge and reasoning about the domain of interest ' Tommor Domain '.

Key Words : Ontologies, knowledge model, description logic reasoners, inferencing services , intelligent applications , Tommor Domain