Abstract

Natural dentin repair is a biologically mediated process that preserves tooth vitality through odontoblast activity and intracellular signaling pathways. This study employed a mixed methods design, combining laboratory experiments with descriptive analytical surveys of dentists in Egypt, to investigate the mechanisms of odontoblast differentiation and assess clinical knowledge and practices related to regenerative dentistry. Laboratory analyses included microscopic and molecular techniques to evaluate cellular signaling during dentin repair, while questionnaires were distributed to 100 dentists across public and private sectors. Data were analyzed using quantitative statistics, qualitative assessments, and integrative interpretation of laboratory and clinical findings. Results revealed significant positive correlations between dentists’ knowledge of intracellular signaling and their clinical practices, with Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.52 to 0.65 (p = 0.01). A majority of respondents (80%) reported experience with mesenchymal stem cell therapy for craniofacial bone remodeling or dental tissue regeneration, and 70% observed improvements in bone density, while 65% reported enhanced dental tissue regeneration. Imaging studies were widely used, with 85% of participants undergoing radiographic or CT evaluations to monitor progress. Despite these encouraging outcomes, only 35% of dentists were familiar with molecular techniques targeting signaling pathways, and just 40% reported applying clinical strategies to enhance odontoblast differentiation. Notably, 75% expressed interest in specialized training to improve their knowledge and practices in regenerative dentistry. The study concludes that while theoretical awareness of dentin repair mechanisms is relatively strong, clinical application remains limited. Bridging this gap through structured training and evidence-based protocols will be essential for integrating molecular insights into routine dental practice, thereby improving dentin repair outcomes and long-term tooth vitality.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of self-assessment on students’ motivation and language proficiency among English Department students at the Faculty of Arts, AL-Assaba. A quantitative research design was adopted, using a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 60 students. The findings indicate that self-assessment plays a significant role in enhancing learners’ motivation, self-awareness, and perceived language proficiency. Most students reported positive attitudes toward self-assessment and felt it Improved their English skills. The study concludes that incorporating self-assessment into English language instruction can foster learner autonomy and Improve learning outcomes. It recommends Integrating self-assessment practices into curricula and providing guidance to students on effective self-assessment. Keywords: Self-assessment, Motivation, Language Proficiency, Learner Autonomy, English Department Students, Higher Education.  

شهدت المدن الليبية تحولات متسارعة نتيجة للنمو السريع، والذي عالبا ما حدث في غياب تخطيط عمراني محكم أدى هذا الوضع الى مخاوف بشأن الزحف العمراني وعدم المساواة في الوصول الى الخدمات.تقدم هذه الدراسة منهجية تعتمد على نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) لتتبع هذه التغيرات في مدينة طرابلس، ليبيا تستخدم بيانات مفتوحة المصدر حول الشكل الحضري، والغطاء الارضي، وأنماط الاستيطان، بالاضافة الى مواقع الخدمات العامة، قمت بقياس كيفية نمو طرابلس وتحديد المناطق التي تفتقر الى الخدمات.

تظهر صور الاقمار الصناعية والمقاييس المكانية نموا قويا في المناطف المبينة على مدى أربعة عقود، حيث ازداد الزحف العمراني حدة في العقد الاول من القرن الحادي والعشرين ارتفع مؤشر "شانون انثروبي من 0.74 في عام 1984 الى 0.90 في عام 2010 مما يشيرالى أن النمو أصبح أكثر تشتتا، وفي الوقت نفسه، شهدت المناطق الطرفية الجديدة زيادة سكانية دون توفر خدمات كافية، مما يضطر الكثير من السكان لقطع مسافات أطول للوصول الى الرعاية الصحية والمدارس.

قمت بدمج نقاط الخدمات من خرائط الشوارع المفتوحة مع الشبكات السكانية، ومن ثم رسمت خرائط لفجوات الخدمة لتحديد المناطق ذات التغطية الضعيفة، تظهر النتائج واضحا لعدم المساواة الخدمية، حيث تحتوي مناطق غير المخطط لها على أقل من المستشفيات والمدارس والمرافق لكل فرد، بينما تتمتع الاحياء المركزية المخططة بمستويات خدمة أفضل. تساعد هذه المنهجية المعتمدة على نظام المعلومات الجغرافية المخططين في رؤية شكل النمو فجوات الخدمة، كما تدعم اتخاذ قرارات تخطيطية أفضل، تختتم الدراسة بخطوات للتحكم في النمو بشكل أفضل واقترح التوسع الموجه والاستثمار الخدمي المركز، وهى خطوات يمكن أن تدعم نموا عادلا ومستداما في طرابلس والمدن المماثلة.

الكلمات الافتتاحية: التوسع الحضري- نظم المعلومات الجغرافيةGIS - عدم المساواة المكانية- المورفولوجيا الحضرية- امكانية الوصول للخدمات.

Abstract Antimicrobial agents are widely used to treat bacterial infections; however, their misuse contributes to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. This study assessed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates from patients in Gharyan City, Libya, and explored behavioral factors influencing resistance. Between January and June 2024, 66 clinical samples (urine, stool, vaginal swabs, blood, pus, and sputum) were collected from seven medical laboratories. A questionnaire survey was conducted among three groups: medical workers (n=50), non-medical individuals (n=50), and pharmacists (n=50). Laboratory identification employed selective media, Gram staining, and microscopy, while antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion. Results revealed widespread inappropriate antibiotic use: 70% of pharmacists dispensed antibiotics without prescriptions, 40% provided incorrect dosages, and only 10% held formal pharmacy qualifications. Among medical workers, 40% used antibiotics without prescriptions and 56% failed to complete treatment courses. Infections were more common in females (77%) than males (23%), with the highest prevalence in younger age groups (<32 years, 39.4%). Staphylococcus spp (32%) and E. coli (27%) were the most frequent isolates. Overall resistance was high (75%), particularly in Pseudomonas spp (100%), E. coli (83%), and Staphylococcus spp (76%). Azithromycin (67%) and Doxycycline (49%) showed the highest resistance rates, while Meropenem (2%) and Nalidixic acid (3%) remained largely effective. These findings highlight alarming levels of antibiotic resistance in Gharyan, driven by misuse and poor prescribing practices. Strengthening pharmacist and physician training, enforcing prescription regulations, and raising public awareness are essential to mitigate resistance and preserve antibiotic efficacy. Keywords. Antibiotic Resistance, Bacterial Infection, Misuse of Antibiotics, Control and Surveillance.

Abstract

The proper management of biological waste in laboratory settings is a critical aspect of biosafety in microbiological and biomedical laboratories. Beyond protecting lab workers, biological waste management safeguards public health, protects the environment, and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. Segregation, decontamination of liquid waste, decontamination of solid waste, and techniques for inactivating toxins are all main aspects of biological waste management that will be outlined, aligned, and summarized with the main institutional biosafety protocols for biological waste management, published by major authorities, including CDC and WHO. This research found that the information from the two institutions complements each other. Therefore, this brief review aimed to compile and unify information from both institutions to construct a single, coherent text that provides a practical summary for medical laboratory professionals seeking to enhance the implementation of international, harmonized protocols that strengthen biosafety, environmental stewardship, and regulatory compliance

Abstract: 

This study presents a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the construction of political identity 

during periods of revolutionary crisis. It examines the dichotomous representation of Muammar 

Gaddafi in February 2011 through two primary data streams: his first major public address 

following the uprising (February 22, 2011) and the contemporaneous visual and textual 

coverage in three newspapers—The Sun (UK), The Daily News (a prominent US tabloid-style 

outlet), and Alshourouq (Egypt). Employing Fairclough’s (1992) three-dimensional model of 

CDA, Halliday’s (1978) Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and Kress and van Leeuwen’s 

(2006) grammar of visual design, the analysis reveals a profound disjuncture between Gaddafi’s 

linguistic self-fashioning and his mediated portrayal. Findings indicate that Gaddafi’s speech 

strategically deployed lexical choices, transitivity, and modality to construct identities of a 

rightful leader, paternal protector, and historical embodiment of Libya. Conversely, the selected 

newspapers, despite ideological nuances, converged on a representational framework depicting 

Gaddafi as weak, cowardly, and delegitimized, primarily through specific visual framing, 

camera angles, and captions. This study argues that the conflict between these representations 

is not merely descriptive but deeply ideological, reflecting the struggle for discursive hegemony 

during the Arab Spring, where control over narrative became a key battleground alongside 

military confrontation.