Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent health issue among children, with potential consequences for bone health and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a pediatric population and identify associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 children (aged 1-10 years) recruited from medical laboratories in Gharyan City, Libya, between January 2022 and June 2024. Participants were categorized based on their vitamin D levels (deficient, insufficient, adequate, or optimal). Demographic data (age, gender) and vitamin D levels were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way ANOVA. Approximately half of the study participants (49.75%) exhibited vitamin D deficiency. Females had a slightly higher prevalence of deficiency (27.5%) compared to males (22.25%). Significant differences in vitamin D levels were observed across age groups. Infants under 12 months had higher levels compared to older children (36-72 months). While gender was not a significant predictor of vitamin D deficiency in our study, previous research has suggested potential gender-related disparities. The findings of this study highlight the concerning prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children in the region. Age appears to be a significant factor influencing vitamin D status, with younger children being more susceptible to deficiency. While gender may not be a major determinant in this population. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our study underscores the importance of promoting sun exposure, dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods, and supplementation strategies to address this public health issue. Further research is needed to explore the underlying factors contributing to vitamin D deficiency in children

In this paper, deploying an integrator, we propose a method to transform ultra wideband (UWB) signal into a frequency hopping type of transmission signal that is applied in Bluetooth technology. In addition to the tremendous increase in data transfer speed, the frequency domain equalization is further extended to Bluetooth technology, as a result. This paper further shows that both technologies can be deduced from each other although UWB is a carrierless while Bluetooth requires a transmission carrier.

Hill Cipher is one of the symmetric key algorithms in cryptography, we discussed Encryption

and decryption for the alphabet Arabic by Hill cipher encryption and descriptions using the

invertible matrix as a key. In this study, we introduce a new method on the Hill Cipher for the

alphabet Arabic using a rectangular matrix as a key.

Dyslexia is a distinct learning disability that is distinguished by difficulties in decoding and reading fluency, spelling as well as other cognitive skills. This research is conducted to assist learning disability by improving the skills required for children with learning disability in reading and spelling using the assistive technology AVA interactive whiteboard. The approach is by strengthening the micro skills required to improve the fundamental skills such as reading, and spelling thus facilitating the learning process. Tactile and visual modalities are the main focus in the use of the interactive whiteboard. This study aims to develop an interactive whiteboard learning prototype for students with dyslexia. A total of six children from 3 demographics (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) participated in the study. Activities improving the four micro skills were introduced in normal whiteboard and the children were exposed to the prototype AVA interactive whiteboard. Responses using Interactive whiteboard were different when compared to their performance with the normal whiteboard. The analyzed results indicated showed improvements in three of the micro skills using IWB