Abstract: The igneous rock unit of Al-Haruj Al-Aswad were interpreted using satellite image. The satellite image of Land sat bands from one tosevenhas captured by the Thematic Mapper (TM7) scanner. These imageswere processed and interpreted with following standard technique. Karhunen– Loèvetransform were employed to produce principalcomponent images. Then, they were paintedby using RGB color system to produce false color images from principal component images and ratio images. The resulted images were interpreted in the matter of geology of the area.Theprincipalcomponent transformation is helpful in mapping different lava flow phases in the area. This transform have used the correlation between the corresponding pixels in images of different bands. Six lava flow phases was interpreted depends on their color and shade in the processed satellite images. 

Since the last century, universities in developed countries have begun to work on technology transfer. Thus, the process of marketing the technologies discovered by those universities became an engine of economic growth, as these universities played a significant role in bringing innovative ideas to the market. Since then, technology transfer activities that were previously practiced by elite universities have received attention due to increasing university revenues, creating research links between academia and industry.

In this paper, we review the aspects related to the process of technology transfer in terms of its importance, and its model of work in universities, starting with the phase of discovering and evaluating the invention, the phase of patenting, and ending with the phase of marketing. The working mechanism of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) and the infrastructure necessary to establish these offices and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation centers in universities to perform their role effectively is also highlighted. The research aims to design an optimal dynamic and flexible model of the TTO at the University of Gharyan rearranging some traditional components and establish additional innovation pathways and make it more effective.

Keywords:Technology Transfer Office (TTO); Technological Transfer models; economic development.

Abstract

The rock units of Wadi El-shati were classified to group of clusters to explain the concentration of iron ore by using enhanced satellite image. The several images of single band of Thematic Mapper (TM7) of Landsat were combined to produce multispectral image bands. It was processed by group of filters after the false color image has been made. The filtered image was classified with unsupervised classification after the image ratio has been done by dividing band 3 on band1. Finally, we reached the classified image has concentration of iron tone.

This paper presents a new high-capacity algorithm for audio watermarking for the purpose of embedding a watermark audio signal into an original audio signal. This algorithm uses DCT (discrete cosine transform) in combination with SVD (singular value decomposition), DWT (discrete wavelet transform), and CZT (chirp ztransform). For the purpose of ensuring high levels of imperceptibility and robustness, a low-frequency sub band of 1-level DWT is selected to embed the watermark, followed by DCT, CZT, and SVD. As a result, the proposed algorithm achieves a high capacity of 352800 bits per second while a good quality audio signal is maintained (having an objective difference grade of more than-0.04). It also provides high imperceptibility (a signal to noise ratio of more than 58 dB) and it is extremely resistant to common audio attacks, including requantizing, resampling, additive white Gaussian noise or AWGN, MP3 compression, and low-pass filtering. The proposed algorithm presents much better compared to the audio watermarking algorithms already existent.

Abstract

Although listening skill plays a significant role in daily communication and

education process in teaching English , listening subject has long been neglected

in second language teaching. This study aims to explore problems, difficulties

and barriers in teaching listening to Libyan students in our case study Alassaba

area, 3rd year secondary science school, Mosab Ben Omer Secondary School

and Omer Ben Alkhtab Secondary school. The participants of our study were 5

teachers. Classroom observation and teacher’s interview are used for data

collection. It is found that all teachers were using grammar translation method

in teaching listening. Most classes were uncomfortable learning atmosphere,

beside the absence of technology which used and facilitate teaching listening.

The findings based on data analysis and discussion may be of a great

significance to find solutions for these problems and improving the way of

teaching listening

Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr. has been reported for the first time from Libya. This species is native in Asia. Flowering specimens of Prosopis farcta collected from Sokna Region about 650 Km south-east Tripoli. It is presented with updated nomenclature, taxonomic description, geographical distribution, place of occurrence in Libya, and field colored photographs are also provided. The voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Botany Department (ULT), University of , Tripoli, Libya.

A novel non-blind audio watermarking algorithm, using chirp z-transform in combination with discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition, is presented in this paper. In the proposed method, a watermark audio signal (about 13 seconds in length) is hidden into an original audio signal (about 51 seconds in length) by applying discrete wavelet transform, chirp z-transform, and singular value decomposition. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested using signal-to-noise ratio, objective difference grade (ODG), and normalised cross- correlation of watermarked audio signal under various common audio attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm has a high capacity (352.8 kbps), without significant perceptual distortion (ODG > -0.29) and provides good robustness against common audio attacks, including: re-sampling, echo addition, MP3 compression, additive white Gaussian noise, re- quantisation, cutting, and low-pass filtering. This algorithm has a high capacity and excellent audio quality compared with other audio watermarking algorithms.

ABSTRACT

Natural polymers with improved structure have been securing increasing value in the industry as they

are abundant, cheap, and biodegradable. Graft copolymerization is one of the effective ways to

enhance the properties of natural polymers. Starch based graft copolymers are becoming increasingly

important due to their remarkable adhesion, high water absorbency, and biodegradability. Methyl

methacrylate (MMA) grafted onto starch by using the ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox

initiator in the presence of nitric acid in aqueous medium to form grafted copolymer (Starch-g-

PMMA) was investigated. The grafting reaction was carried out under stream of nitrogen gas. The

impact of different reaction parameters to achieve the highest percent grafting (%G) has been studied

by determining the initiator concentration, monomer concentration, time (hours), nitric acid

concentration, and polymerization temperature. The % G was found to be 97%. Evidence of grafting

was characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The peaks at

1736.70 cm-1 and 3449.78 cm-1 indicates that MMA has been successfully grafted to starch. %G was

found to be decreased at higher than 70°C, after 2 hours of reaction time, with an increase of MMA

monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and with HNO3 concentration. The highest percent

grafting was obtained at the parameters of 1 g starch, 70°C, 2 hours, 2 mmol CAN, 140 mmol MMA

and 0.4 mmol HNO3

ABSTRACT Chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to cartilage and bone erosion. Untreated disease is linked with joint deformity and substantial health care related costs. Conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the main tool to treat any form of RA. Methotrexate (MTX) is the key conventional DMARDs. It is recommended as a first-line treatment for patients with RA. However, MTX is potentially associated with various toxicities. No clear pattern of MTX use in patients with RA in Libya, since no national guideline has been implanted so far. The aim was to investigate the prescribing patterns of MTX in Libya. A hundred and twenty patients who were on treatment with MTX and follow up in RA clinic of Tripoli University hospital were evaluated for therapy during the period of 2018 and 2019. Patient distribution data, disease duration, other related diseases and drug prescribed as well as adverse drug reactions were considered to analyze the pattern of drug use. The demographic distribution findings indicate that female patients are more than male patients and the ratio of disease among female to male was 1:9. A range of age between 41 - 60 years was the highest affected compared with other ages. Among of these about 75% of patients were no occupational works. RA related diseases were found to be more with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and osteoporosis. Low use of NSAIDs in this group of patients but with high use of steroid. A high group of patient's use of low dose of MTX for up to five years. This study concludes that MTX is an effective drug in controlling the disease with less and tolerated incidence of side effects.